Group 5

Tejada
Misola
Okayama
Bulatao

CARBOXYLIC ACID
 1.
DEFINITION
What is Carboxylic Acid

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What is Carboxylic Acid?
▷ Any of a class of organic compounds in which a carbon (C)
atom is bonded to an oxygen (O) atom by a double bond
and to a hydroxyl group (―OH) by a single bond. A fourth
bond links the carbon atom to a hydrogen (H) atom or to
some other univalent combining group. The carboxyl
(COOH) group is so-named because of the carbonyl group
(C=O) and hydroxyl group.

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 2.
PROPERTIES

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Properties
Acidity
▷ An acid is any compound that donates a hydrogen ion, H+
(also called a proton), to another compound, termed a base.
Carboxylic acids do this much more readily than most other
classes of organic compounds, so they are said to be
stronger acids, even though they are much weaker than the
most important mineral acids—sulfuric (H2SO4), nitric
(HNO3), and hydrochloric (HCl).

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Properties
Solubility
▷ The solubility of carboxylic acids in water is similar to that
of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones.
▷ Acids with fewer than about five carbons dissolve in water;
those with a higher molecular weight are insoluble owing
to the larger hydrocarbon portion, which is hydrophobic.

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Properties
Boiling Point
▷ Carboxylic acids have much higher boiling points than
hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, or ketones of
similar molecular weight.
Odour
▷ Unbranched-chain carboxylic acids (fatty acids) that are
liquids at room temperature, especially those from propanoic
(C3) to decanoic (C10) acid, have very foul, disagreeable
odours. An example is butanoic (butyric) acid (C4), which is
the main ingredient in stale perspiration and thus the chief
cause of “locker-room” odour. 7
 Properties
▷ Carboxylic acid molecules are polar due to the presence of
two electronegative oxygen atoms.
▷ Participates in hydrogen bonding due to the presence of the
carbonyl group (C=O) and the hydroxyl group.
▷ These compounds can be converted into amines using the
Schmidt reaction.
▷ A carboxylic acid can be reduced to an alcohol by treating it
with hydrogen to cause a hydrogenation reaction.
▷ Upon reaction with alcohols, these compounds yield esters.

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 3.
USES
Different uses of Carboxy

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Uses
▷ Carboxylic acids make up a series of
fatty acids which are extremely
good for human health. The omega-
6 and omega-3 are essential fatty
acids which are not produced by the
body. They help in maintaining the
cell membrane and control nutrient
use along with metabolism.

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Uses
▷ Manufacturing of soaps need higher fatty
acids. Soaps are generally sodium or
potassium salts of higher fatty acids such as
stearic acid.
▷ Food industry uses many organic acids for
the production of soft drinks, food products
etc. For example, acetic acid is used in
making vinegar. Sodium salts of organic
acids find application in preservatives.

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Uses
▷ In pharmaceutical industry organic acids
are used in many drugs such as aspirin,
phenacetin etc.
▷ Acetic acids are often used as a coagulant
in the manufacturing of rubber.
▷ Organic acids find huge application in
making dye stuff, perfumes and rayon.

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 4.
QUETSIONS

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Questions
1. What is the functional group of carboxylic
acid?
2. Does Carboxylic Acid have strong acidity?
3. Is Carboxylic Acid polar?
4. Until how many carbons Carboxylic Acid
can have to dissolve in water?
5. Why does Carboxylic Acid have higher
boiling point than alcohol?

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