BIOL 5

Biology for Health science

BIOLOGY FOR HEALTH SCIENCE
 Biology majors study all living organisms
because biology encompasses everything from
botany to zoology
 Health science explores human body through its
functions, diseases, health conditions and
physical structures. It involves everything from
anatomy to physiology
PURPOSE OF BIOL 5
 Designed for students seeking a degree in biology
while preparing for application to health care
professional schools
BIOLOGY
 Study of life or living matters
 Studies life and living organisms, including their
physical structure, chemical processes, molecular
interactions, physiological mechanisms,
development and evolution
HUMAN
 A human being, whether man, woman or child
 Highest form of animals

 Homo sapiens
TOXIN
 A poisonous or toxic substance produced by the
geological processes of biological organisms
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
 Study of how human minimize/reduce the danger
of any biological agents
TOXIC VS. VENOM
 Poison is a toxin gets into the body via
swallowing, inhaling or absorption through skin

 Venom is specialized type of poison that has

evolved for specific purpose. Injected via bite or
sting
BIOL 5
Nature of science
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
 Scientific Method
-an organized way that helps
scientists/students/anyone answer a question or
begin to solve a problem.
PARTS OF SCIENTIFIC METHOD
 Purpose/question
 Research

 Hypothesis

 Experiment

 Analysis

 Conclusion
PURPOSE/QUESTION
 What do you want to learn
RESEARCH

 Find out as much as you can. Look for

information. Use different resources/references to
gain information before you start experimenting
HYPOTHESIS

 Predict an answer to the problem

EXPERIMENT
 Design a test or procedure to find out if your
hypothesis is correct
ANALYSIS

 Record what happened during the experiment

 Aka “Data”
CONCLUSION
 Review the data and check to see if your
hypothesis was correct
BIOL 5
Chemical Foundation of
Life
LIFE

 Function that living organism perform

CHEMICAL FOUNDATION OF LIFE
 The Building Blocks (Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and
Molecules)
 Water

 Carbon
THE BUILDING BLOCKS
 Life is made up of matter
ORGANISM STRUCTURE
Organism

Organ System

Organ

Tissue

Cell

Organelle

Molecule

Atom
WATER
 Unique substance
 Life originally evolved in a watery environment

 Organism’s cellular chemistry and metabolism

occur inside the watery contents of the cell’s
cytoplasm
 70% of human body is water
CARBON
 Cells are made up of many molecules called
macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acid
(DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids.
 The macromolecules are a subset of organic
molecules (any carbon-containing liquidZ, solid,
or gas)that are especially significant for life
 Carbon, the fundamental component of
macromolecules
BIOL 5
Concept of Life
LIFE FUNCTIONS
 Nutrition –the organic process by which an
organism assimilates food and uses it for growth
and maintenance

 - Materials (structure)
 - Energy (life activities)
LIFE FUNCTIONS
 Transport
 -involves:
 Absorption
 distribution
LIFE FUNCTIONS
 Respiration
 -includes processes which provide the energy for the
maintenance of life function
 Conversion of stored energy in food
LIFE FUNCTIONS
 Excretion
 Removal of waste product manufactured by an
organism
LIFE FUNCTION
 Synthesis (reaction of elements or compounds to
form more complex compound)
 Chemical activities
 Large molecules or structures are built from smaller
ones
LIFE FUNCTION
 Regulation
 Control and coordination
 Responses to change (external and internal)
LIFE FUNCTION
 Growth
 Increase in cell size or numbers
 Utilizes the products of synthesis
LIFE FUNCTIONS
 Reproduction
 Production of new individuals from preexisting ones
 Growth
 Repair

Individual survival is dependent on reproduction but species

survival is dependent on the reproduction of individuals
METABOLISM
 The total of all the life activities requires to
sustain life
 Each life processes is cheical in nature;
metabolism is a chemical process
 May be affectedf by the physical and chemical
conditions within an organisms internal and
external environment
TYPES OF METABOLISM
 Anabolism
 Constructive
 Building up process

Catabolism
Destructive
Breaking down process
HOMEOSTASIS
 The maintenance of a stable internal
environment (internal dynamic equilibrium)

 The organisms stability

 Depends on the ability of an organism to coordinate
and controls its many chemical reactions
BIOL 5
Classification of living
thing
TAXONOMY

 Classification of living things

FIVE KINGDOMS
 Animal kingdom
 Plant kingdom

 Fungi kingdom

 Protist kingdom

 Moneran kingdom
ORDER OF TAXONOMY
kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species
SAMPLE OF ANIMAL TAXONOMY
 Kingdom: Animalia
 Phylum: Chordate

 Class: Amphibians

 Order: Salienta

 Family: Ranidae

 Genus: Rana

 Species: Rana catabeiana

 English name: Bullfrog

ORDER OF FORMING AN ORGANISM
Organism

Organ System

Organ

Tissue

Cell

Organelle

Molecule

Atom
BIOL 5
History of Biology
HISTORY
 Alcmaeon (5th century), the first scientist known
to have practiced dissection in his researches.
First scientific discoveries in the field of anatomy

 Alcmaeon discover that human intelligence lies

in the head

 Aristotle inaugurates scientific zoology and he is

also a pioneer in attempting a system of
classification
HISTORY

 Theoprastus (about 300 BC), attempts to classify

plants, as well as describing their structure,
habits and uses
HISTORY
 Galen (AD 158), chief physicians to the gladiators
in Pergamum. Study wound of all kinds

 Galen’s dissection of apes and pigs which give

him the detailed information for his medical
tracts on the organs of the body. Nearly 100 of
these tracks survive
HISTORY

 Galen is able to overturn many long-held beliefs

such as theory. First proposed by Hippocratic
school in about 400 BC that the arteries contain
air – carrying it to all parts of the body from the
heart and lungs.
 He discovered that living arteries are contain
blood instead.