APPLICATION OF

LEVELING
S UAT U OP E R A S I U N T U K M E N E N T U K A N B E DA T IN G G I A N TA R A D UA T IT IK D I
P E R M U K AA N TA NA H . S E BUA H B IDA N G DATA R AC UA N, ATAU DAT U M ,
D IT E TA P K A N DA N E L E VA S I D IU K U R T E R H A DA P B IDA N G T E R S E BU T
Spot Heights e.g. Manhole covers, Kerb levels,
Invert level of pipes,
Points on open areas,
I.L.
Points on spoil heaps.
C
L
Sectioning
Contouring

Setting out

Profile Board Batter Rail

Monitoring -- Precise Levelling

CONTOURING
1. A contour is a line drawn on a plan joining all points of the same
height above or below a datum.
2. Contours cannot cross, split or join other contours, except in the case of
an overhang. e.g. a cliff.
3. The height between successive contours is called the vertical interval or
the contour interval.

4. Its value depends on the variation in height of the area being contoured.
5. The contour interval is kept constant for a plan or map.
6. The plan spacing between contour line indicates the steepness of slopes.
7. Closely spaced lines indicates a steep gradient.
8. Widely spaced lines indicate a flatter gradient.
 A CONTOURED SPOIL
HEAP.
5
10
15
20 25