Lesson 2

Computer
a programmable electronic device
designed to accept data, perform
operations, and provide output.
is capable of accepting data that
comes in many forms such as
symbol, number, letters in the
alphabet, or combination of these
 Capabilities of Computer
1. Computers has the ability to perform
mathematical and logical operations.
2. It can process data at a very fast
speed with almost perfect accuracy.
3. It can store a great amount and variety
of operations.
 Capabilities of Computer
4. It can handle volumes of repetitive task
accurately over long period of time
5. It can communicate with its operators
and other machines.
 Limitations of Computer
1. It can only carry out those operations
that a person has programmed or
instructed to perform.
2. It can detect, but generally, cannot
correct wrong input or instructions.
3. It is subject to occasional breakdown
or malfunction.
 The Computer System
1. HARDWARE - the physical component or
tangible parts of the computer system.
1.1 . Input devices – keyboard, mouse, scanner,
joystick, camera
1.2. Central Processing Unit
1.3. Output Device – monitor, printer, speaker
1.4. Secondary Storage Device – hard drive,
flash drive, CD/DVD, floppy disk
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES - Accepts data
and instructions from the user or from
another computer system.
A. KEYBOARD – is a typewriter like
device use for inputting data. It is the
most commonly used input device.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
B. MOUSE – The most common
'pointing device' used in PCs. Every
mouse has two buttons (left & right)
and most have one or two scroll
wheels.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
C. Scanner – a device that can read
text or illustrations printed on paper
and translates the information into a
form the computer can use.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
D. Light Pen – A light-sensitive stylus
wired to a video terminal used to
draw pictures or select menu options.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
E. Web Camera – is an optical
instrument that records images that
can be stored directly, transmitted to
another location, or both.
 1.1 . INPUT DEVICES
F. Microphone – Audio input devices
also known as speech or voice
recognition systems that allow a user
to send audio signals to a computer
for processing, recording, or carrying
out commands.
 2. Central Processing Unit
- The processor is the main “brain” or
“heart” of a computer system. It
performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and
manages the flow of information
through a computer.
 3. Output Device
- Any piece of computer hardware
that displays results after the
computer has processed the input
data that has been entered.
 3. Output Device
3.1. Monitor - It displays information in
visual form, using text and graphics.
The portion of the monitor that
displays the information is called the
screen or video display terminal. Three
types of monitor: CRT (Cathode ray
tube) LCD (liquid crystal display) LED
(Light emission display).
 Monitor:
CRT LCD

LED
 3. Output Device
3.2. LCD Projector -utilize two sheets of
polarizing material with a liquid crystal
solution between them. An electric
current passed through the liquid
causes the crystals to align so that
light cannot pass through them.
 3. Output Device
3.2. Printer-A device that prints text or
illustrations on paper.
TYPES OF PRINTER:
A. Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer -
produce high-quality text and
graphics.
TYPES OF PRINTER:
B. Laser Printer - Uses the same
technology as copy machines.

C. LCD and LED Printer-

Similar to a laser printer, but uses
liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes
rather than a laser to produce an
image on the drum.
TYPES OF PRINTER:
D. Line Printer - Contains a chain of
characters or pins that print an entire
line at one time.

E. Thermal Printer- An inexpensive

printer that works by pushing heated
pins against heat-sensitive paper.
3.3 Speakers - Used to play sound.
They may be built into the system unit
or connected with cables. Speakers
allow you to listen to music and hear
sound effects from your computer.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
-also called auxiliary or external are
considered permanent storage. It is a
nonvolatile storage medium such as
disk that stores program instructions
and data.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.1. Diskette – also called floppy disk, is
a removable storage medium that uses
magnetically sensitive flexible disk
enclosed in a plastic envelope or case.
Sizes: 5 ¼ and 3 ½ inches.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.2. Hard disc drive – Also known as
hard drive, is a magnetic storage
device that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.3. Compact disc – CD is a plastic disc,
4.75 inches in diameter that uses optical
storage techniques to store up to 80
minutes of music or 700 MB of digitally
encoded computer data.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.4. Digital Video Disc– DVD has the
same size of the CD can store up to 17
GB of data.
 4. Secondary Storage Device
4.5. Flash Drive – also called thumb
drive, is a data storage device that
includes flash memory with an
integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB)
interface. USB flash drives are typically
removable and rewritable, and
physically much smaller than
an optical disc
 2. Software – is a set of program that
runs the hardware.
TYPES OF SOFTWARE:
1. Application Software - uses the
computer system to perform useful
work or provide entertainment
functions beyond the basic
operation of the computer itself.
 Ex. of Application Software
Document Production Software – is
use to write and format documents.
It has spell checking features to
avoid typographical errors. Exs. Are
Microsoft word, page maker, e-mail
editors, MS outlook, Dreamweaver.
 Ex. of Application Software
Spreadsheet Software – is a business
tool that offers easy computations, use
for financial reports, project sales and
income, do investment checking & etc. It
is presented with a worksheet that has
grids. Exs. are MS Excel, Lotus 123.
 Ex. of Application Software
Database Management Software – is
use to organize database. A database is
a collection of information organize and
stored in a computer. Ex. MS Access,
dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.
 Ex. of Application Software
Graphic software - Graphics programs
display results of data manipulation for
easier analysis and presentation. Example:
Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D
Studio Max, Adobe Photoshop
 Ex. of Application Software
Presentation software – is use to create
colorful presentations and transparencies.
You can use this software if you have
presentations for meetings, seminars and
conferences. Ex. MS PowerPoint
2. System Software
Any software required to support
the production or execution of
application programs, but which
is not specific to any particular
application. Common operating
systems include Windows, the
Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.
 Ex. of System Software
Operating system – is a master control
program for computer that manages
the computer’s internal functions and
provides you with a means to control
the computer’s operation. Ex. DOS,
Windows 98, XP, 03, 07, 08, UNIX,
LINUX, MC OS.
 Ex. of System Software

Programming languages – are

use to write computer
instructions and perform task.
Ex. Fortran, Cobol, C++, Java,
Visual Basic
 Ex. of System Software
Utilities – are enhancements of the
operating system that helps
allocate resources, maintain and
improve the efficiency of the
system. Ex. Disk Manager, Norton
Utilities, Kaspersky Utilities, Avira
Utilities.
 Ex. of System Software

Device Driver – is a software

that is use to communicate
with the particular device
added to the computer
unit.
 3. Peopleware
Refers to people involved in the
data processing operations such
as the system administrator, office
workers, students, teachers,
programmers, IT specialist, data
analyst and others`.
Direction: Give 5 examples of the following:
INPUT OUTPUT STORAGE
1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
Hardware 3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
5. 5. 5.

System software Application Software

1. 1.
2. 2.
Software 3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

1. 4.
2. 5.
Peopleware 3.