ENGAGE:

Directions:explain your idea about the pictures projected below.

Explore:

Differentiate the application and systrem software based on you own understanding.Write your
answer on the space provided.
How can you differentiate application software and system software based on your own
understanding ?

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COMPUTER SOFTWARE

Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and

execute specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a
computer. Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that
run on a device. It can be thought of as the variable part of a computer, while hardware is the
invariable part.

Two main categories of software :

 application software -. An application is software that fulfills a specific need or performs

tasks.

 System software-Is designed to run a computer's hardware and provides a platform for
applications to run on top of.System software sits between the computer hardware and
the application software. Users do not interact directly with system software as it runs in
the background, handling the basic functions of the computer. This software
coordinates a system's hardware and software so users can run high-level application
software to perform specific actions. System software executes when a computer
system boots up and continues running as long as the system is on.

TYPES OF APPLICATION SOFTWARE

1. Word Processing Software

Word processing software is used to format, beautify, and manipulate text. It allows features
such as synonyms and antonyms. You can change the fonts, colors, and style according to your
choice with the word art feature. Error checking as well as grammar and spell checking options
are also available in it. Microsoft Word is the best example of a word processing software.

2. Spreadsheet Software

Spreadsheet software is majorly used to store data in table format and perform calculations.
Intersecting cells are given in a spreadsheet to keep various data fields such as time, date, text,
and numbers. Users can perform calculations with formulas and functions. The best example of
spreadsheet software is Microsoft Excel.

3. Presentation Software

Presentation Software lets you put forth your thoughts and ideas in a piece of visual
information. Then, you can present that information in the form of slides. You can make your
slides interactive and informative by adding videos, texts, charts, graphs, and images. The best
example of presentation software is Microsoft PowerPoint.

4. Multimedia Software

Multimedia Software lets you create or record videos, audio, and image files. Such app software
is used in video editing, graphics, and animations. Common examples of multimedia software
are VLC player, MX Player, and Windows Media Player.

5. Web Browsers

These software applications are used to browse on the internet. They let you locate and
retrieve data from the web. The most popular web browsers are Chrome and Firefox.

https://www.openxcell.com/blog/application-software/

TWO TYPES OF OPERATION

 unary -Unary operations involve only one value, such as negation and trigonometric
functions

 binary- Binary operations, on the other hand, take two values, and include addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, and exponentiation.

BASIC PARTS OF COMPUTER

 Motherboard. The motherboard is the computer's main circuit board

 CPU/processor

 RAM (random access memory)

  Hard drive

 Power supply unit

 Video card

 Network card

What are the advantages and disadvantge of using a computer?

Society has come to rely heavily on computers. Computers affect nearly every aspect of
our lives. Although there are disadvantages to using a computer, we believe the advantages
greatly outweigh them. Parents, if you're on the fence about the decision on whether or not to

ACTIVITY :

LIST DOWN ATLEAST 5 ADVANTAGE AND 5 DISADVANTAGE OF COMPUTERS .WRITE YOUR

ANSWER IN THE BOX.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Classification of Computers

Computer scan is broadly classified by their speed and computing power.

Sr.No. Type Specifications

1 PC or Micro-Computers It is a single user computer system having a

moderately powerful microprocessor. It is termed as a
computer that is equipped microprocessor as its CPU.

2 Workstation It is also a single user computer system, similar to the

personal computer, however, has a more powerful
microprocessor.

3 Mini-Computer It is a multi-user computer system, capable of

 supporting hundreds of users
simultaneously.

4 Main Frame It is a multi-user computer system, capable of

supporting hundreds of users simultaneously.
Software technology is different from minicomputer.

5 Super-Computer It is an extremely fast computer, which can execute

hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

Basics of Computers - Software Concepts

As you know, the hardware devices need user instructions to function. A set of
instructions that achieve a single outcome are called program or procedure. Many
programs functioning together to do a task make a software.

For example, a word-processing software enables the user to create, edit and save
documents. A web browser enables the user to view and share web pages and
multimedia files. There are two categories of software −

 System Software

 Application Software

 Utility Software

Let us discuss them in detail.

 Software required to run the hardware parts of the computer and other application
software are called system software. System software acts as interface between
hardware and user applications. An interface is needed because hardware devices or
machines and humans speak in different languages.

Machines understand only binary language i.e. 0 (absence of electric signal) and 1
(presence of electric signal) while humans speak in English, French, German, Tamil,
Hindi and many other languages. English is the pre-dominant language of interacting with
computers. Software is required to convert all human instructions into machine
understandable instructions. And this is exactly what system software does.

Based on its function, system software is of four types −

 Operating System

 Language Processor

 Device Drivers
Operating System
System software that is responsible for functioning of all hardware parts and their
interoperability to carry out tasks successfully is called operating system (OS). OS is the
first software to be loaded into computer memory when the computer is switched on and
this is called booting. OS manages a computer’s basic functions like storing data in
memory, retrieving files from storage devices, scheduling tasks based on priority, etc.
Language Processor
As discussed earlier, an important function of system software is to convert all user
instructions into machine understandable language. When we talk of human machine
interactions,
Three types Of language

 Machine-level language − This language is nothing but a string of 0s and

1s that the machines can understand. It is completely machine dependent.

 Assembly-level language − This language introduces a layer of abstraction

by defining mnemonics. Mnemonics are English like words or symbols
used to denote a long string of 0s and 1s. For example, the word “READ”
can be defined to mean that computer has to retrieve data from the
memory. The complete instruction will also tell the memory address.
Assembly level language is machine dependent.

 High level language − This language uses English like statements and is
completely independent of machines. Programs written using high level
languages are easy to create, read and understand.

Device Drivers
System software that controls and monitors functioning of a specific device on computer
is called device driver. Each device like printer, scanner, microphone, speaker, etc. that
needs to be attached externally to the system has a specific driver associated with it.
When you attach a new device, you need to install its driver so that the OS knows how it
needs to be managed.
Application Software
A software that performs a single task and nothing else is called application software.
Application software are very specialized in their function and approach to solving a
problem. So a spreadsheet software can only do operations with numbers and nothing
else. A hospital management software will manage hospital activities and nothing else.
Here are some commonly used application software −

 Word processing

 Spreadsheet

 Presentation

 Database management

 Multimedia tools
  Utility Software
Application software that assist system software in doing their work is called utility
software. Thus utility software is actually a cross between system software and
application software. Examples of utility software include −

 Antivirus software

 Disk management tools

 File management tools

 Compression tools

 Backup tools

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/basics_of_computers/
basics_of_computers_software_concepts.htm

Central Processing Unit (CPU) consists of the following features −

 CPU is considered as the brain of the computer.

 CPU performs all types of data processing operations.

 It stores data, intermediate results, and instructions (program).

 It controls the operation of all parts of the computer.

CPU itself has following three components.

 Memory or Storage Unit

 Control Unit

 ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)SS

Memory or Storage Unit

This unit can store instructions, data, and intermediate results. This unit supplies
information to other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as internal
storage unit or the main memory or the primary storage or Random Access Memory
(RAM).

Its size affects speed, power, and capability.

Control Unit

This unit controls the operations of all parts of the computer but does not carry out any
actual data processing operations.

Functions of this unit are −It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and
instructions among other units of a computer.It manages and coordinates all the units of
the computer.It obtains the instructions from the memory, interprets them, and directs the
operation of the computer.It communicates with Input/Output devices for transfer of data
or results from storage.It does not process or store data.

ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

This unit consists of two subsections namely,

arithmetic Section-Function of arithmetic section is to perform arithmetic operations like

addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. All complex operations are done by
making repetitive use of the above operations.

Logic Section-is to perform logic operations such as comparing, selecting, matching, and
merging of data.

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_devices.htm

Storage location

the term storage location describes the smallest spatial unit that exists in a warehouse.
By definition, it describes the exact place in the warehouse where goods are located or
can be stored. The storage bins are defined in the so-called warehouse master.

system Unit

A system unit is the part of a computer that houses the primary devices that perform
operations and produce results for complex calculations. It includes the motherboard, CPU,
RAM and other components, as well as the case in which these devices are housed. This
unit performs the majority of the functions that a computer is required to do.

Magnetic Disk

A magnetic disk is a storage device that uses a magnetization process to write, rewrite and
access data. It is covered with a magnetic coating and stores data in the form of tracks,
spots and sectors. Hard disks, zip disks and floppy disks are common examples of magnetic
disks

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2308/system-uni
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