CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CPU
LEC3
 CPU
• The central processing unit (CPU) governs all PLC activities. The
following three components form the CPU:
– the processor
– the memory system
– the power supply

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 Power supply
function

+5V DC -Microprocessor

+12 V DC -Memory
220V AC
110V AC Power supply
- 12 V DC
Power
+24V DC + 24V DC supply

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 Power supply
The system power supply is the “first-line manager”
of system reliability and integrity. Its responsibility is
not only to provide internal DC voltages to the
system components (i.e., processor, memory, and
input/output interfaces), but also to monitor and
regulate the supplied voltages and warn the CPU if
something is wrong.

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Processor unit “ CPU”

The main function of CPU in PLC is

interpretation of input signals and
executing of control actions . This is
done through the processor unit
during the control program.

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The principal function of the processor is to
command and govern the activities of the entire
system. It performs this function by interpreting and
executing a collection of system programs known as
the executive. The executive, a group of supervisory
programs, is permanently stored in the processor
and is considered a part of the controller itself.

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Processor unit “CPU” Consist of:
Clock
- Clock
- Frequency 1 MHz - 8 MHz
- Operation speed
- Basic command 0.1 µs/step
- Scan time
The processing time from the 0 step to the 1 step
of next scan is called scan time.

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 Processor unit “CPU” Consist of:

1) clock
2) Registers.
3) Buses: Data Bus, Control Bus,
Power Bus.
4) Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
5) Control Unit.

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 Memory
PLC memories can be two-dimensional arrays of single unit
storage cells, each storing a single piece of information in
the form of bit 1 or 0.

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 Memory

Fixed memory area ROM or any memory

equivalent

Application memory RAM or any memory

equivalent
area

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• Volatile memory loses its programmed contents if all
operating power is lost or removed.

• Nonvolatile memory retains its programmed contents,

even during a complete loss of operating power, without
requiring a backup source.

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 Fixed memory area

Operation system
Special information PLC instruction
Memories:
1- ROM Read Only memory
2- PROM Programmable ROM
3- EPROM Erasable PROM

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 Application memory area

1-DataTable Memory Area

2-User Program
______________
1- Data Table:
-Input status
-Output status
-Internal Rely State
-Preset value
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 User Program
Control program
memories:
1- BAT RAM
2-EEPROM

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 Digital output module
Function :
This unit links the output modules which requires (
on/off) switching signal to work that unit enables
the output signals coming out of CPU to operate
the output modules

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 Output interface
-Interfacing
- compatibility Digital output
Channel
“ ON/OFF”

24V DC

220V AC
110V AC
5 V DC Output interface
From
microprocessor
±10V DC

Analog output
Channel
“ DC variable”

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Block diagram
DO Module
output status
indicator
output
terminal

A1 A1
L N
from Electronic (-)
Bus Switches
BUFFER Opto isolator Amplifier
CPU Or
relay
L
(+)
Common terminal

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Electronic switches

transistor Output
channel
Fuse

IC
IB
DC Supply

IE

common
LED
channel
Photo transistor

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Triac
Output
channel

A1
G
AC Supply
iA1 A2
A2
i

common
LED
channel
Photo transistor

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Relay
Vcc
Output
terminal

Protection
Diode AC/DC
Supply

relay Common
terminal

LED

Switching
Transistor

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 Analog output module
Function :
This unit links the output modules which requires
analog signals to work that unit converts the digital
output signals coming out of CPU to DC voltage.

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 Block diagram

Bus
from Digital
CPU To
Analog
Analog
converter Output
Channel
[ ± 10 DC]
variable

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 Programming device
Function :
The programming device operates as control
program designer through specialized software in
PLC . Also, it downloads the so-called program in
PLC memory or upload it

PLC
Down load

Upload
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 Programming Device
• Personal computer used as a programming device and a mini programmer
unit.

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Programming Device

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 Cable connection
D. connector
A pin “female”
RS 232C PLC
A pin “male”
PC

1
6
2
7
3
8
4
9
5

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HMI (Human Machine Interface)
or MMI (Man Machine Interface)

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