PRIMEASIA UNIVERSITY, DHAKA

Department of Electrical And Electronic Engineering

Three Phase Transmission Line

Fault Detection System
Prepared by: Supervised by:
MD NAFIUL ISLAM SHAMBIR Md Tariqul Islam
ID:223001047
Assistant Professor, Dept. of EEE
Primeasia University Dhaka

1
 Contents
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Components
 Block Diagram
 Working Principle
 Applications
 Advantages
 Conclusion

2
 Introduction
 In now a days the electricity is very important in our life . In the
power system there are various types of fault occurs due to natural
calamity (like lightning , collision of branches of trees with the
transmission line).
 Overloading due to this short circuit or fault may occurs like (line
to line, line to ground , the fire fault).
 Out of these line to ground fault is more savior in the power
system which could damage the electrical equipment . So this fault
should be remove as soon as possible.

3
 Objectives
 Fault detection.
 Fault recognition.
 Improve efficiency.
 To maintain system stability.

4
Components
 Arduino Nano
 Transformer (step down)
 Display (16*2)
 IC
 Relay Module
 Rectifier
 Flame Sensor
 Terminal Block
 Buzzer
5
 Arduino Nano
 The board has 14 Digital pins (of which 6 can be used
as PWM outputs)
 8 Analog pins
 16 MHz crystal oscillator
 A USB connection
 A power jack
 A reset button
 An ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header
 And programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) via a type B USB cable
6
 Transformer(Step Down)
 A step-down transformer is a type of transformer that
converts the high voltage (HV) and low current from the
primary side of the transformer to the low voltage (LV) and
high current value on the secondary side of the transformer.
 The characteristic voltage ratios, in this case, are 220/20 kV,
110/20 kV (also the LV secondary voltages 35 kV and 10
kV can be found).
 The nominal power of those transformers is up to 60 MVA
(usually 20 MVA). The on-load tap changer is almost
always installed in these transformers.

7
 Display LCD
 An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic
display module and has a wide range of applications. A
16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits. A 16x2
LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines.
IC
 An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes called a chip,
microchip or microelectronic circuit, is a semiconductor
wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors,
capacitors, diodes and transistors are fabricated. An IC can
function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter, logic
gate, computer memory etc. 8
 Relay
 A Relay is a simple electromechanical switch.
While we use normal switches to close or open
a circuit manually, a Relay is also a switch that
connects or disconnects two circuits.
 Every electromechanical relay consists of an
consists of an
 Electromagnet
 Mechanically movable contact
 Switching points and
 Spring

9
 Rectifier
 A rectifier is an electrical component that converts alternating
current (AC) to direct current (DC). A rectifier is analogous
to a one-way valve that allows an electrical current to flow in
only one direction. The process of converting AC current to
DC current is known as rectification.

Flame Sensor
 A flame detector is a type of sensor that can detect and
respond to the presence of a flame. These detectors have
the ability to identify smokeless liquid and smoke that
can create open fire.

10
 Terminal block
 A terminal block (also called as connection
terminal or terminal connector) is a modular block
with an insulated frame that secures two or more
wires together.

Buzzer
 A terminal block (also called as connection terminal
or terminal connector) is a modular block with an
insulated frame that secures two or more wires
together.

11
 Block Diagram
.
Voltage Flame Display
Regulator Sensor

Rectifier

Relay Load
Arduino Nano Driver
Transformer IC

AC supply Fault Switch

12
 Working Principle
 First of all make a code & install it in Arduino Nano . As per the
code the module will operate.It detects the line fault .Using a
resistor three transmission line created .
 And 3 moving switches pre phase are used to create fault .And for
that code is written as if fault is occurred due to 1 st moving switch
in “R” phase then LCD will display the fault in 2 km is occurred in
“R” & “Y” phase .
 If there will no fault the LCD will display the NF (I.E no fault) &
for R, Y, B phase LED (5mm) is used respectively.
 The circuit diagram is shown below.
13
Circuit Diagram

14
Image Of Project

15
 Result
L-L
R ON Y ON 2km fault
Y ON R ON 4km fault
B ON B ON 6km fault

L-G
G ON R ON 2km fault
G ON Y ON 4km fault
G ON B ON 6km fault

Flame Sensor

Sensor ON Fault
16
Result Image

17
 Application
 Substations
 Transmission lines
 Industries
 Apartments

18
 Advantages
 Safety equipment
 More reliable
 Reduce losses
 Highly sensitive
 More efficient

19
 Conclusion
 Various faults have been created to develop an automatic tripping
mechanism for the three phase supply system.
 While temporary fault and permanent fault occur, here Arduino
Nano (AT365 MEGA) is used with relay for the fault analysis.
 Short duration faults returns the supply to the load immediately
called as temporary trip while long duration results in permanent
trip.
 Whenever any type of fault: LG temporary / permanent or LL
temporary/permanent occurs regarding fault is display on LCD
with distance of fault occurred.

20
Thanks to All

21