Arduino Based Overhead transmission

line Fault Detection

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY :

DEEPAK (1842321009)
A guide by Chip Heath & Dan Heath
PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR KARAN RAWAT (18423201010)
Mr.Alok Yadav MADHAV NISHAD (1842321011)
EN DEPARTMENT MUDIT PATEL (1842321012)
Date-31/03/2022
over head transmission line
What Transmission line
An overhead power line is a structure used in
electric power transmission and distribution to
transmit electrical energy across large
distances. It consists of one or more
uninsulated electrical cables (commonly
multiples of three for three-phase power)
suspended by towers or poles.
Advantages of overhead transmission line

● It is easy to repair and maintain.

● They can be easily installed over river or motorway
or hilly regions.
● Lower installation costs.
● High Power transmission.
● The fault or damage in overhead lines can easily
locate.
● long distance transmission.
Types of fault in Transmission line
Arduino Based Overhead transmission
line Fault Detection
Line-line-line-ground (LLLG) fault
This can also occur in 3-wire or 4-wire systems, but
it involves a connection back to earth, either
through a ground line or in direct contact with
ground.

Line-line-line (LLL) fault.

This can occur in 3-wire or 4-wire systems. When

this occurs, the three phases are all bridged

together, but they are not bridged to ground.

 Line-line fault(LL) .
This is simply a short circuit between any two lines. This can be
caused by two lines making direct contact with each other, or when
dielectric breakdown (ionization) of air between the lines occurs.

Line-ground fault (LG)

This is a short circuit between one line and ground. This is
most often caused by physical contact.

Line-line-ground (LLG) fault.

Here, two lines come into contact with each other and ground
simultaneously. This is a less common type of fault than an LL fault,
simply because severe damage to the system is often required to
produce it.
Block Diagram
Working Principle
In this paper, we have two cables i.e. underground cable and overhead cable. We
make the fault in cables by switching the buttons. The project uses four sets of
resistances in series representing cables i.e. R4, R5, R7, R8 and R9, R10, R11,
R12 then R13, R14, R15, R16 then R17, R18, R19, R20. One set for each phase.
Each series resistors represent the resistance of the underground cable for a
specific distance (200m). 3 relays are used to common point of their contacts are
grounded while the points of input resistance R9, R13, R17are connected to the
3phase supply as an input. The common point of R6 & R4 is connected to pin of A0
which is ADC (Analog to digital) pint of Arduino. Two switches are connected with
Arduino digital pin 0 and 1 for overhead cable. They are pulling down by the 10K
resistor. While any of the 12 switches (representing as fault switches) are operated
they impose conditions like line to ground (LG), line to line (LL), line to line to
line(3L) fault as per the switch operation.
 Arduino Code
int analogPin= include bs1 = 0; int bs2 = 0;
0; int raw1= 0; LiquidCrys void setup () { pinMode
int raw2= 0; int tal lcd (12, (7, OUTPUT); pinMode
raw3= 0; int (8, OUTPUT); pinMode
11, 5, 4, 3,
Vin= 5; float (9, OUTPUT); pinMode
2); const
Vout= 0; int (buttonone, INPUT);
R1= 1000; int int
buttonone pinMode (buttontwo,
R2= 0; int R3=
0; int R4= 0; = 0; const INPUT); lcd. begin (16,
float buffer= 0; int 2);}
# buttontwo
= 1; int
 Compnents of project

1.Transformers
2. Rectifer circuit
3.Lcd
4. Relay
5. Arduino
6. Transmission line
7. Indication panal
 Transformer

A transformer is a device that transfers electric energy from

one alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits,
either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down)
the voltage.

Rectifier
A rectifier is a device that converts an oscillating two-directional
alternating current (AC) into a single-directional direct
current (DC)
 LCD
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel display
which uses liquid crystals in its primary form of operation.

Relay
A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a
single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals

transmission line
A transmission line is a system of conductors that transfers electrical
signals from one place to another
 Arduino
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware
and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger
on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor,
turning on an LED, publishing something online.

Indication panel
Its a panel which indicate the fault of transmission line.
 RESULT
This paper represents that the fault location scheme for
transmission systems consisting of an overhead line and
underground cable. The arduino system has the ability to
locate the fault whether it is in the overhead line or in the
underground power cable. In addition to, the proposed
scheme gives an accurate estimation of the fault resistance
at fault location.
Thank you