THERMODYNAMICS-II

ME 332
FALL 2019
Course Instructor: Dr Muhammad Asif (masif@giki.edu.pk)
Course TAs: Mr. Suleman (A); Mr. Saad (B)

Lecture 1
 Instructor’s Profile
Education
• Post-Doctorate Key State Laboratory, China, 2017
• PhD (Mechanical Engineering): Hanyang University, S. Korea, 2015
• MSc (Mechanical Engineering): Hanyang University, S. Korea, 2010
• BSc Hons (Mechanical Engineering): UET Lahore, 2006
Work Experience:
• Project Engineer: Packages Ltd-BSPM Project (2006-2008)
• Lecturer: IIU Islamabad (2010-2012)
• Assistant Professor: GIKI (Joined Aug 2015)
Research Interests: Coal Gasification, CO2 capture and utilization, Water
Purification (Desalination using MD)
Courses: Undergraduate: Mechanics (Statics and Dynamics),
Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Refrigeration and Air conditioning
Graduate Level: Advance Heat transfer, Solar energy conversion and
utilization
 Books
• Textbook
• Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach (preferably 8th edition)
• Authors: Cengel & Boles
• Publisher: McGraw Hill
• Reference Book
• Principles of Engineering Thermodynamics, 8th Edition
• Authors: Moran, Shapiro, Bettner & Bailey
• Publisher: Wiley
• Availability of Books
• Low priced printed edition of textbook available
• Textbook & reference book available in library
• E-books (8th edition) will be provided for both textbook & reference
book
 Course Outline
Advanced concept ~ similar to
• Exergy Analysis (CH # 8) Entropy

• Gas Power Cycles (CH # 9) Practical

Applications
• Vapor & Combined Power Cycle (CH # 10)
of Basic Concepts
• Refrigeration Cycle (CH # 11)

Some Math
• Thermodynamics Property Relations (CH # 12)
Practical
Applications
• Gas Mixtures & Air Conditioning (CH # 13 & 14) of Basic Concepts
Physical Chemistry

• Chemical Reactions and Combustion (CH # 15)

 Grading Policy
• Quizzes: 10 %
• Assignments: 10 %
• CEP: 10%
• Mid-Term Exam: 30 %
• Final Exam: 40 %
CEP (Complex Engineering Problem):
Engineering problems which cannot be resolved without in-depth engineering
knowledge, and have some or all of the characteristics listed below:
Sr. # Attribute Complex Problems
1 Range of conflicting Involve wide-ranging or conflicting technical,
requirements engineering and other issues.

2 Depth of analysis Have no obvious solution and require abstract

required thinking, originality in analysis to formulate suitable
models.
3 Depth of knowledge Requires research-based knowledge much of which
required is at, or informed by, the forefront of the professional
discipline and which allows a fundamentals-based,
4 Interdependence Are high level problems including many component
parts or sub-problems.
5 Range of resources Involve the use of diverse resources (and for this
purpose, resources include people, money,
equipment, materials, information and
technologies).
CEP (Complex Engineering Problem):

A set of CEPs will be provided. Group of students (Max. 4)

can choose one CEP out of given set of CEPs.

Grading:
- Solution of CEP (6 marks)
- Presentation (1 marks)
- Quality of report (2 marks)
- Dealing with questions (1 marks)

Sample for report writing will be provided

 Attendance Policy
• GIKI Policy: Minimum 80 % attendance required to sit in
final exam
 Quizzes & Assignment Sessions
• Total 8 Quizzes & 7 Assignment Sessions
• Best 6 Quizzes & 5 Assignment Sessions will be
considered for grading
• No surprise quiz
• Both quiz & assignment session will be conducted in one
sitting (simultaneously for sections A & B)
• 2 quizzes / assignments not considered for grading
include
• With minimum marks
• Deliberately missed
• Due to co-curricular & extra-curricular activities
• Quizzes / assignments missed due to any personal reason
• No retake / make-up for missed quizzes / assignments
 Quiz # 1
• Based on review of important concepts of Thermo-I
• Will be held next week (time & date to be confirmed)

• Tips for quiz preparation

• Revise the material covered in Lectures 1-3
• Review the conceptual questions in book
• Go through the textbook chapters, at-least read the chapter
summaries
 Motivation: Thermo-II
• Advanced course in thermodynamics
• Builds foundation for elective courses and fields of
engineering e.g.
1. Power Plants
2. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
3. Combustion
4. IC Engines
 Thermo-I (Revision)
• Lecture # 1:
• Fundamental Concepts: System, Properties, Units
• Ideal Gas Equation
• Lecture # 2:
• P-v-T relationships
• Specific Heat, Energy, Enthalpy
• Energy Transfer by Heat, Work and Mass
• Lecture # 3:
• Second Law of Thermodynamics
• Entropy
 What is Thermodynamics
• Thermodynamics:
• Greek Origin of term: Therme ~ heat + dynamis ~ power
• Deals with energy and energy transformation, including power
generation, refrigeration and relationships among properties of
matter.
 Microscopic vs. Macroscopic View
• Properties and behavior of molecules

• Classical Thermodynamics

• Statistical Thermodynamics
 Laws of Thermodynamics
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics  ???

• First law of thermodynamics  energy conservation

• Second law of thermodynamics  quantity vs. quality of energy

• Third law of thermodynamics  ???

 Thermodynamic Systems
• System: Quantity of matter or a region in space chosen for
study

• Surroundings: The mass or region outside the system

• Boundary: The real or imaginary surface that separates the

system from its surroundings
Thermodynamic Systems
• Open System (Control Volume): Both
mass and energy (heat and work) can
cross the boundaries of the system

• Close System (Control Mass): No mass

can cross the boundaries of the system
but energy (heat and work) can cross the
boundary

• Isolated System: Neither mass nor

energy (heat and work) can cross the
boundary of the system

• Examples: ???
 Properties of System
• Property: Any characteristic of a system
• Examples: temperature, volume, mass, pressure,
density etc.

• Intensive Properties: independent of the size of the

system
• Temperature, pressure, density
• Extensive Properties: dependents on the size of the
system
• Mass, volume, total energy
• Specific Properties: extensive properties per unit
mass
• v=V/m e=E/m

• Symbols ????
 Thermodynamic State
• State of the system is described by its properties
• Not all the properties are required to specify the state

• State Postulate: The state of a simple compressible system

is completely specified by two independent, intensive
properties

• Two properties are independent if one property can be

varied while the other is held constant
• Temperature and specific volume are always independent properties
• Temperature and pressure are independent for single-phase system
 Thermodynamic Equilibrium
Thermodynamics deals with equilibrium states

• Thermal Equilibrium

• Mechanical Equilibrium

• Chemical Equilibrium

• Phase equilibrium
 Processes and Cycles
• Process: Any change that a system
undergoes from one equilibrium state to
another.
• Path: The series of the states through
which a system passes during a process.

• Quasi-static or quasi-equilibrium process

• Process Diagrams

• Cycle: If the system returns to its initial

state at the end of the process
 The Steady Flow Process
• Steady vs. Uniform

• Steady  no change with time

• Uniform  no change with location over a specified region

• Steady Flow Process: a process during which a fluid flows

through a control volume steadily
• Steady Flow devices:
• Turbines
• Pumps
• Compressors
• Boilers
• Heat Exchangers
 Forms of Energy
• Total Energy = thermal + mechanical + kinetic + potential
+ electric + magnetic + chemical + nuclear
 Forms of Energy (contd.)
• Macroscopic forms of energy: possessed by
system as a whole with respect to some outside
reference frame, such as kinetic and potential
energies
• Examples: Kinetic & Potential energies
• Microscopic forms of energy:
• related to the molecular structure of a system and the
degree of the molecular activity
• Independent of outside reference frames
• Internal Energy (U): Sum of all the microscopic
forms of energy.
 Total Energy
• Sum of macroscopic and microscopic
(internal) energies
• Usually magnetic, electric and surface
tension effects are negligible
• Total energy:
Physical Insight to Internal Energy
Conceptual Questions (CH # 1)
Conceptual Questions (CH # 1)
Conceptual Questions (CH # 2)
Conceptual Questions (CH # 2)