Common-Ion Effect

on Solubility
S U B T ITLE
COMMON ION EFFECT ON SOLUBILITY

THE SOLUBILITY OF THE SUBSTANCE IS AFFECTED NOT

ONLY BY TEMPERATURE BUT ALSO BY THE PRESENCE OF OTHER
SOLUTES. SOLUBILITY OF IONIC COMPOUNDS IS AFFECTED BY THE
FOLLOWING FACTORS:
 PRESENCE OF COMMON IONS
PRESENCE OF UNCOMMON IONS
PH OF THE SOLUTION
PRESENCE OF COMPLEXING AGENTS
EXAMPLES

SUPPOSE THAT WE HAVE A

SOLUTION WHICH CONTAINS TWO
SOLUTES WITH A COMMON ION, PbI2
and Pb(NO3) 2. IN THE SOLUTION, THE
FOLLOWING IONIC REACTIONS OCCUR:
PbI2(S) Pb2+ (aq) + 2 I- (aq)
Pb(NO 3 ) Pb2+(aq) + 2 NO3- (aq)
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
COMPARE THE SOLUBILITY OF PbCrO4 in:
A) WATER
Ksp OF PbCrO4 = 2.0 x 10-14

SOLUTION:
A) IF WE LET A = MOLAR SOLUBILITY OF PbCrO4 (s) Pb2+(aq) + CrO4(aq)
EQUILIBRIUM CONCENTRATION (M):
K(sp) = [Pb2+ ] [CrO42- ]
2.0 x 10-14 = 1.4 x 10-7 mol/L
1. A SATURATED SOLUTION OF Ag2CrO4 CONTAINS 8.7 x 10-5
mol/L. WHAT IS THE SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANT OF
Ag2CrO4 ?
2. WHICH SOLUTE HAS HIGHER MOLAR SOLUBILITY IN
WATER, CdCO3 OR Cd(OH) 2 ?
K(sp) OF CdCO3 = 1.8 x 10-14 ; K(sp) OF Cd(OH) 2 = 7.2 x 10-15