Measurements, Instrumentation and Control Processes

Presentation on Sensor

Encoders
Introduction

 Sensors, electro- mechanical devices

 Convert motion into digital signals
 Helpful in monitoring motion parameters
 Linear, Rotary
 CNC, Conveyors, etc.,
A Rotary
Encoder
Types of Encoders

 Rotary Encoders
 Linear Encoders
Linear Encoders

 Convert linear motion

 to signals
 Mostly read from a
 scale
 Read head, scale
 Absolute, Incremental (reading based)
 Optical, Magnetic, etc., (working principle)
Optical Linear Encoders

 Use light
 Alternate dark and
 white patches
 Resolution (nm)
 Very accurate
 Disturbance prone
Magnetic Linear Encoders

 Use magnetic fields

 Magnetic tape with
 alternate poles
 Pole pitch
 Robust, undisturbed by
 dust
 Presence of magnetic material affects performance
Capacitive Linear Encoder

 Relatively newer
 Senses capacitance between reader and scale
 High resolution
 Uneven dirt affects performance
Others

 Optical Image Linear Encoder

 Inductive
 Eddy Current
Rotary Encoders

 Convert rotational data to analog/digital signal

 Absolute – Unique binary word
 Incremental – Motion of shaft
 Mechanical, Optical, Magnetic, Capacitive
Mechanical Rotary Encoder
Output

 Signal Generation
 Resolution
Common Errors

 Delayed Signal Rise Time

 Very Low Amplitude Signals

 Stepped/stair-shaped encoder pulses

Some Applications

 Motor feedback
 Web tensioning – tension adjustment
 Backstop gauging
 Filling – table positioning
 Conveyors
 Ball Screw Positioning
References

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_encoder
 https://www.motioncontroltips.com/faq-what-types-of-linear-encoders-are-there-
and-how-do-i-choose/
 https://www.linearmotiontips.com/how-do-magnetic-linear-encoders-differ-from-
optical-versions/
 https://www.renishaw.com/en/how-optical-encoders-work--36979