Scaffold User in Construction

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©2010 Grainger Safety Services, Inc.
 Learning Objectives

Objectives:

► OSHA Standard for Scaffold

users, 29 CFR 1926.454(a)

► Procedures for dealing with

Hazards

► Proper use of scaffolds

► Proper material handling

 Agenda

Agenda:

► Overview

► Scaffold types

► Terminology

► Associated hazards

► Proper use

► Your responsibilities
►Section 1

Overview
of the Issue
 Scaffold Use in Construction

Scaffold prevention:

► 4500 injuries annually

► 50 deaths annually

► $90 million in workdays

 Categories

Three major scaffolds:

► Supported

► Suspended

► Other
 What does OSHA have to say?

Key elements:

► Fall protection, fall arrest systems

► Guardrail height

► Crossbracing, midrails and footings

► Platforms, guying ties, and capacity

► Training

► Inspections

► Erecting and dismantling

 The Competent Person

Duties include:

► Select and direct employees

► Determine safe work conditions

► Training

► Inspections
 The Qualified Person

Duties include:

► Design and load scaffold

► Training

► Design rigging for suspension

scaffolds

► Design platforms less than 36”

 Engineer

Must design:

► Direct connection of mason’s multi-point

adjustable suspension scaffolds

► Pole scaffolds over 60 feet tall

► Tube and coupler scaffolds over

125 feet tall
 Employee Training

Training includes:

► Electrical, fall, and falling objects hazards

► How to deal with hazards

► Proper use of scaffolds

► Maximum intended load

► Other pertinent information

►Section 2

Types of
Scaffolds
 Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Over 25 different types in use

► Most common include fabricated,

supported frame or system
scaffolds
 Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Plasterers’, decorators, and large area scaffolds

► Bricklayers square scaffolds

► Horse scaffolds

► Form scaffolds

► Roof bracket scaffolds

► Outrigger scaffolds (one level)

► Pump and window jack

scaffolds
 Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Step, platform and trestle ladder

► Single point adjustable suspension

► Two point adjustable suspension

► Catenary scaffolds

► Float (ship) scaffolds

► Interior hung scaffolds

 Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Needle beam scaffolds

► Multi-level suspension scaffolds

► Mobile scaffolds

► Repair bracket scaffolds

► Stilts

► Tank builder scaffolds

 Types of Scaffolds

Scaffolds:

► Many different scaffolds in workplace

► Choice is based on work to be performed

► Erection done only b trained professional

►Section 3

Scaffold
Terminology
 Scaffold Terminology

Terminology:
► What is a scaffold?
► What is a platform?
► What is a brace?
► What is a stair tower?
► What is a runner, ledger or
ribbon?
► What is a bearer?
► What are mud sills and base
plates?
 Scaffold Terminology

Terminology:

► What is a scaffold Competent Person?

► What is a scaffold Qualified Person?

► What is the Maximum Intended Load?

► What is a Rated Load?

►Section 4

Hazards Associated
with Scaffold Use
 Hazards Associated with Scaffold Use

Hazards:

► Electrical hazards

► Fall hazards

► Falling objects
 Electrical Hazards – Overhead Power Lines

Clearance for insulated lines:

► <300v = minimum 3 feet
► 300v to 50kv = minimum 10 feet
► >50kv = 10 feet + .4 inches for
each kv over 50
Clearance for non-insulated lines:
► Less than 50kv = minimum 10
feet
► >50kv = 10 feet + .4 inches for
each kv over 50
 Fall Hazards

Protection:

► Install guardrails

► Employ use of harness and

lanyard (personal fall arrest
system)
 Fall Hazards

Guardrail systems:

► Height between 38 and 45

inches

► Withstand 200 pounds of force

 Falling Objects Protection Systems

Falling objects protection:

► Hard hats

► Toe boards

► Safety screens or guardrails

► Debris nets, catch platforms, or

canopy structures
►Section 5

Proper Use of
Scaffolds
 Proper Use of Scaffolds

Basic ground rules:

► Never overload scaffolds

► Always inspect scaffolds prior to use

► Repair, replace, or remove from service

► Competent or qualified individual supervises the

erection, installation, repair, or relocation of
scaffolds
 Basic Safety Issues for Work on Scaffolds

Be aware of:

► Weather conditions

► Debris

► Makeshift devices to gain height

► Ladders in use on platforms

► Load within capacity of scaffold

 What is Wrong with this Picture?

What do you think of this scaffold design?

► Planks not cleated or secured

► No guardrails

► Greater than 14 inch gap between scaffold and

building
 What is Wrong with this Picture?

What do you think?

► No midrails

► No toeboards

► No mesh

► Safety lines not tied to proper

anchorage
►Section 6

Your
Responsibilities
 Your Responsibilities

You should:

► Understand power lines within 10 feet

► Appropriate scaffolding inspection

► Properly install mud sills and base plates

► Guardrails and platforms secured in place

► Conditions of decking or planks

 Your Responsibilities

Also:

► Know the maximum intended

load for each unit

► Know debris removal policy while

on scaffolds

► Monitor weather conditions

► Worker training