Students

Vincent Duplantier
Florian Feyt
Hoai Dang Leu

Teachers
Jacques Bernard
Mary Ann Flannery
I. Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines
1. Hydraulic turbines overview
2. Hydroelectric plant installation
3. Three types of Hydraulic Turbines

II. Choice method of Hydraulic Turbines

Conclusion

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 Hydraulic turbines : liquid
turns blades to produce
rotation
 Potential/Kinetic power ->
Mechanical Power ->
Electric power
 Hydroelectricity
• Advantages : Clean and
Renewable
• Disadvantages : damage of
ecosystem, loss of land

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Components of a Turbine :
 Runner : rotational part
(Shaft + blades)
 Diffuser (at output) : channel-
shaped increasing in size
 Distributor : optional
component at the input that
controls the angle of attack

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 Flow: small head, high velocity (river)
 Flow: great head (in reservoir)

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 Action turbine
 No diffuser
 High operating head
 The wheel is not
submerged

 The number of opened

nozzle changes the
power

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 Reaction turbine
 Change of the flow pressure
 Operating head between 20 and 500 meters
 Two main components: upstream guide vanne and
runner

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 Evolution of the Francis
turbine
 The
guidvanes and runner
adapted to the waterflow
 Highefficiency for a wide
range of water flow
 Can be used as a pump for
Storage pumping

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 Magnet
• 2 poles
• Magnetic field
• + winding = electric current

 Alternator
• Produces alternating electric
power
• Qualified by the number of
magnetic poles

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 Alternator
 Electric Network
• Stable characteristics
• Frequency : 50 Hz

 Alternator Frequency
• Speed of the rotor
• Number of poles

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 For a same electric frequency (50 Hz) :
• Low speed  many poles
• High speed  less poles

 Many poles = expensive

4 pairs
750 rpm

40 pairs – 75 rpm

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 Characteristics of water flow and turbine
Power of the turbine: 𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔𝐻𝑣
Angular velocity: 𝜔𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 ∝ 𝐻 N

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Comparison of the specific speed with widely built turbines

𝐻 3/4
𝑛𝑠 = 𝑁 5/4
𝑃

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 One of the first sources of
electricity Norway – 98%
 High technological level
and mastery
 Great efficiency
 The main source of renewable
energy
Brazil – 86 %
 High percentage of total
electricity production is
hydroelectricity in some
countries
Canada – 61 %
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