Chapter # 10

Quantitative Facilities Planning Models

Presented by:

Group 10
 Overview

 Facility Location Model:

 Rectilinear Distance Facility Location:

 Single Facility Rectilinear Minisum:

 Euclidean Facility Location:

 Single Facility Squared Euclidean Minisum:

 Facility Location Model

 The ”facility location Model”, also known as location analysis,

is a branch of operations research and computational
geometry concerned with the “optimal placement of facilities”
to minimize transportation costs.

 The techniques also apply to cluster analysis

Facility Location Problems can be classified:

 Number of new facilities to be located

 The solution space
 The size of facilities
 The criteria used to determine the location
The distance measured
Facility Location Model
Rectilinear

Minisum Euclidean

Tchebyshev
Single-
Facility

Rectilinear

Minimax Euclidean

Tchebyshev

Facility
Location
Rectilinear

Minisum Euclidean

Multi- Tchebyshev
Facility

Rectilinear

Minimax Euclidean

Tchebyshev
 Analytical Methods of Location Planning
 The various analytical methods of location planning are affected
by the way the “distances are measured”.

 Distance measure:
 A mathematical model used to evaluate flexible-flow layouts
based on proximity factors.
 There are two ways to measure the distance between two
facilities.
 Rectilinear Distance
 Euclidean Distance
Rectilinear Distance Facility Location
 Rectilinear distance
• When distance between two facilities is measured along path that is
“orthogonal (90 degree)” to each other, then that distance is termed
as rectilinear distance. Suppose two facilities are located at points
represented by (X1,Y1) and at (X2,Y2) then the rectilinear distance
between the facilities will be :

 |X1-X2|+|Y1-Y2|
 Applications of Rectilinear Distance

Rectilinear Distance facility location problem because it

represents a situation commonly encountered in
manufacturing and distribution settings.

It occurs in many cities, due to the layout streets.

 An industrial example is a material transporter moving

along Rectilinear aisles in a factory
Single Facility Rectilinear Minisum

The annual cost of travel B/W the new facility and existing
facility is assumed to be proportional to the distance B/W
the points X and Pi, with wi denoting the constant of
proportionality.

The objective is to;

Solution:
Euclidean Distance Facility Location:

 Euclidean distance:

 “Shortest distance between two points”

 When distance is measured “along straight-line path” between

the two facilities, then that distance is termed as “Euclidean
distance”.

 {( X 1 - X 2 )^2 + ( Y1 - Y2 )^2}1/2
 Applications of Euclidean Distance Facility location:

 There are situations in which Euclidean distance is an

accurate representation of the location problem being studied
 For examples:
 Locating cell phone towers to provide coverage,

 Determine where to locate sniper (shoot bullets in a straight

line) Can be modeled accurately using “Euclidean Distances”.

 In industrial setting “Conveyors” and “pneumatic tubes”

often follow straight line paths (Euclidean distance).
Single Facility Squared Euclidean Minisum

 Squared Euclidean Minisum often referred to as the “gravity

problem”.
In this the “COST OF TRAVEL” between a single new facility
and multiple existing facilities to be proportional to the
square of the Euclidean distance between the facilities
The optimum solution for the gravity problem is “centroid
location”
The gravity (Euclidean) problem can be formulated as:

 Min. f(x , y) = Wi[ (x-a)2 +(y-b)2]

 Taking partial derivate w.r.t X & Y, & setting them equal to zero

X* =
 X *W
i i
where,
x, y = coordinates of the new facility
 Wi
xi, yi = coordinates of existing facility

YW i* i Wi = annual weight shipped from facility i

Y* =
 Wi
 Solution:
Existing x- Weight Cumulative Existing Y- Weight Cumulative
facility coordinate Wi weight facility coordinate Wi weight
ai bi
1 1 10 10
1 1 10 10
2 2 20 30
3 2 25 35
5 4 25 35
4 3 20 55
4 6 20 75
2 6 20 75 3 8 25 100
5 8 25 100

Using this formula

THANK YOU!!