Structural Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Raft Foundation
By
ABSTRACT
Raft foundations are large slabs supporting a number of
columns and walls under the entire structure. Raft slab is
required when the allowable pressure is low or where
the columns are spaced so close that the individual
footings overlap. Raft foundations are useful in reducing
the differential settlements and sustaining large
variations in loads on the individual columns. In
conventional analysis of raft foundation, the reactive soil
pressures due to the loads from the structure are not
considered. This reactive pressure is important as the raft
is subjected to bending due to loads from the structure
and also from the reactive pressure offered by the soil.
These effects considerably alter the forces and the
moments in the structural members. This is where soil
structure interaction comes into play. In the present work,
analysis is carried out using Winkler’s soil model with the
Conventional analysis. It has been observed that the
deflection using soil structure interaction is considerably
reduced than those by Conventional method of analysis.
Thus, the moments acting on the raft slab are significantly
reduced.
INTRODUCTION
A raft foundation is a large concrete slab used
to interface one or more columns, walls in
several lines with the base soil. Raft foundations
are used to support storage water tanks,
several pieces of industrial equipment, silo
clusters, chimneys, high rise buildings etc. Raft
foundations are used where the base soil has
low bearing capacity and the column loads are
so large that more than 50% of the area is
covered by spread footings A particular
advantage of raft for basement at or below
GWT is to provide a water barrier in basement.
OBJECTIVES
Critical study of both
conventional rigid method
and modern numerical
techniques (FEM) for analysis
and design of raft
foundation and their
validities and the
economical aspect of both
designs
Hisham Ehab Hassan
Abdalrahman Mohamed Ibrahim
Ibrahim Mohammed Abdulwasi
Supervisor : Dr. Magdy Bakry
Department Of Civil Engineering, College Of Engineering
Aljouf University
Chosen mesh 5 Y 16 /m’ both ways
MATERIALS & METHODS
Satisfies maximum Moment
1- Numerical Models (Finite Element Method): As per Rigid method design
The numerical models give the relationship between the
applied forces and resulting displacement. These
relationships are given by linear functions, which are
further used for analysis. The numerical models used is:
Winkler’s model:
In this model soil mass is replaced by a bed of closely CONCLUSION
spaced elastic, identical and independent springs. This
model is based on simple assumption that contact pressure
is proportional to deflection of elastic system.
pαy p=ky
k = Modulus of subgrade reaction
2- CONVENTIONAL METHOD:
The analysis of raft foundation by Conventional method
(Rigid beam method). Raft is considered to be infinitely
rigid compared to soil.. The contact pressure distribution is
calculated by combined direct bending stress formula,
Q = Resultant of all column loads. A = Plan area of the
raft.
ex and ey = eccentricities in X and Y directions
respectively.
x and y = co-ordinate locations where soil pressures are
desired.
Iyy and Ixx = moment of inertia of plan area of raft with
respect to Y and X-axis respective
Iyy = BL^3/12 Ixx = LB^3/12
L and B = plan dimensions of the raft. FEM is more realistic,
RESULT & DISCUTION versatile and economical
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
we would like to express my gratitude
towards our parents & our supervisor Dr.
Magdy Bakry for their kind cooperation and
encouragement which help me in completion
of this project.
we would like to express my special
gratitude and thanks to engineering dean for
his kind support and push.
REFERENCES
Raft Model Punching Stress Ratio • Ahmad S., Abdul Muktadir, Monzurul M. A.S.M.,
and Sutradhar A. (2003), “An Economic Design
Guideline for Rectangular Mat Foundation with
Non-Uniform Thickness”, the Journal of Civil Eng.,
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No.2, pp. 205-222.
• Noh E.Y., Huang M., Surarak C., Adamec R. and
M11 M22 Balasurbamaniam A. S. (2008), “Finite Element
Modeling for Raft Foundation in Sand”, Eleventh
East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural
Engineering & Construction (EASEC-11), Taipei,
Taiwan.
• Poulos H.G. (2001), “Methods Of Analysis Of
Piled Raft Foundations”, a Report Prepared on
Behalf of Technical Committee TC18 on Piled
Reinforcement of the raft(uniform thickness) Foundations, International Society of Soil
Mechanics and Geotechnical Eng., the University
of Sydney, Australia.
• Widjaja B. (2008), “Parametric Studies for
Obtaining the Dimension of Soil Improved Area”,
Dinamika Teknik Sipil, Volume 8, No. 1, pp. 31–
Reinforcement of the raft(uniform thickness) 35.