PRE-HISPANIC

PHILIPPINES
 BARANGAY
• SMALL UNIT OF GOVERNMENT/ STATE
• AUTONOMOUS & RULED BY EITHER A DATU, RAJAN, KING OR LAKAN
• BALANGAY, A MALAYAN WORD MEANING “BOAT”
• CONFIRMING THE THEORY
• HAS FOUR BASIC ELEMENTS OF STATEHOOD
• CONFEDERATIONS OF BARANGAY FOR MUTUAL PROTECTION AGAINST
COMMON ENEMIES
• MARRIAGE AND BLOOD COMPACT
 FORMS OF LAWS
LAWS WERE EITHER CUSTOMARY OR WRITTEN

• WRITTEN LAWS WERE PROMULGATED BY THE DATU

• MARAGTAS CODE (1250 A.D.) BY DATU SUMAKWEL OF PANAY
• KALANTIAW CODE (1433 A.D.) BY DATU KALANTIAW OF PANAY
• DEALS WITH INHERITANCE, PROPERTY RIGHTS, DIVORCE, USURY, FAMILY
RELATIONS, ADOPTION, LOANS, DIVORCE
• FINES , TORTURE, OR DEATH PENALTY
 FORMS OF LAWS
UNWRITTEN OR CUSTOMARY LAWS
• CUSTOMS
• TRADITIONS
• PASSED DOWN THROUGH GENERATIONS
 ROLES OF THE DATU/CHIEFTAIN
EXECUTIVE
• PROMULGATES LAW
• SUPREME COMMANDER DURING WAR
LEGISLATOR
• LAW-MAKING
• ROLE OF THE ELDERS ”MAGINOOS”
JUDGE
• JUDICIAL PROCESS
• TRIAL BY ORDEAL
 HOW LEADERS WERE CHOSEN
• BY INHERITANCE, WISDOM, WEALTH, OR PHYSICAL PROWESS IN BATTLE
• QUALIFIED CHARACTERISTICS
• NOT AN ABSOLUTE RULER
• FORM: BARANGAY AS MONARCHY, DATU AS MONARCH
 FUNCTIONS OF OFFICIALS
DATU
• MALAY WORD “DATO/DATUK” MEANS ROYAL BLOOD
• LAW ENFORCER, RULER OF THE BARANGAY
• MAHARLIKA CLASS

IN TIMES OF PEACE
• EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATOR, & CHIEF JUSTICE
 FUNCTIONS OF OFFICIALS
IN TIMES OF WAR
• COMMANDER IN CHIEF

FOREIGN AFFAIRS
• ENABLES TREATIES & TRUCE (SANDUGUAN)
 FUNCTIONS OF OFFICIALS
UMALOHOKAN
• RIGHT HAND OF DATU
• MESSENGER / TOWN CRIER
• DELIVER NEW LAWS TO THE COMMUNITY
 FUNCTIONS OF OFFICIALS
ELDERS/ MAGINOOS

• LEGISLATIVE FUNCTION
• JUDICIAL FUNCTION
 SOCIAL CLASSES
DIVIDED INTO FOUR CLASSES:
• THE DATU CLASS (RULING CLASS)
• MAHARLIKA (ARISTOCRACY)
• TIMAGUA/ TIMAWA (COMMON CLASS)
• ALIPIN/URIPON (DEPENDENT CLASS
 MAHARLIKA/NOBLES
• FREE
• RICH
• CAN BE A DATU
• USUALLY ADDRESSED AS GAT, LAKAN, RAJA OR DATU
• DON’T PAY TAXES
• THEY HELP THE DATU IN TIMES OF WAR, JOURNEY, AND COMMUNITY WORKS
• SOLDIERS ARE WITHIN THIS CLASS OF SOCIETY
 TIMAWA/FREEMEN
• 2ND CLASS/ WORKING CLASS
• THEY CAN BE SEEN SERVING THEIR RICH NEIGHBORS
• THEY CAN’T GIVE ORDER TO SLAVES
 ALIPIN/SLAVES
• LOWEST CLASS
• SERVE THE FIRST CLASS
• SOLD TO ENSLAVERY
• THEY COMMITED A CRIME
• HAVEN’T PAID THEIR DEBT
• CAPTURED BY THE ENEMIES DURING WAR
• THROUGH INHERITED STATUS
 ALIPIN NAMAMAHAY
• ALSO CALLED, ( TUHAY, MAMAMAHAY, TUMARAMPOK).
• SERVICE DURING PLANTING AND HARVESTING PERIOD.
• HAVE THEIR OWN HOUSES & FAMILY
• PAY THEIR TAXES
• CAN BE MARRIED WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THEIR MASTERS
 ALIPING SAGIGILID
• HOMELESS AND FORBIDDEN TO FORM THEIR OWN FAMILIES
• SALARIES ARE DEPENDENT ON THEIR MASTERS
• REQUIRED TO STAY TO DO MASTER’S BIDDING
• USED AS PAYMENT FOR DEBT
 JUDICIAL SYSTEM
JUDGES
• THE DATU, ALONG WITH THE VILLAGE ELDERS SERVED AS JUDGES
• ELDERS AS CONSULTANT FOR DISPUTES

JUDICIAL PROCESS
• DISPUTES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS
• DISPUTES BETWEEN BARANGAYS
• PROVIDES PUNISHMENT
 JUDICIAL SYSTEM
TRIALS
• HELD IN PUBLIC
• COMPLAINT GOES TO THE DATU
• IF DATU CANNOT SETTLE THE DISPUTE
• LITIGANTS DEFEND THEMSELVES, AND PASS DOWN ORDEALS
• ORDEALS DEPEND ON THE CRIME COMMITTED
 CRIMES & PUNISHMENT
INSULTS, THEFT, ASSAULT, MURDER, AND OTHER CIVIL DISPUTES ARE
SETTLED BY THE JUDGE.

INSULTS
• FINE OR ENSLAVERY

THEFT
• DEPENDING ON THE ITEM STOLEN
• FINE OR ENSLAVERY
 CRIMES &PUNISHMENT
• ASSAULT AND MURDER
• DEATH PENALTY
• ENSLAVERY
 GOVERNMENT &
LEADERSHIP
THEN:
• BARANGAY AS THE BASIC POLITICAL
& ECONOMIC UNIT
• HEADED BY A DATU
• ASSISTED BY COUNCIL OF LEADERS

NOW:
• PHILIPPINES AS NATION
• HEADED BY A PRESIDENT
• CABINET AS HIS ADVISERS
 HOW LAWS WERE MADE KNOWN TO THE PUBLIC
THEN: • NOW:
LAWS WERE ANNOUNCED BY A • ATICLE 2 OF THE CIVIL CODE OF THE
CRIER OR UMALOKOHAN PHILIPPINES
 METHOD OF JUDGMENT
THEN: • NOW:
LIFE OR DEATH PENALTY • PARTIES FILE COMPLAINTS, PETITIONS, OR
FINES APPEALS IN COURTS
THEN:
FOREIGN RELATIONS
• NOW:
BARTER SYSTEM OF
TRADE • 7.9 TRILLION PESOS IN DEBT
An eminent scholar has written:

“The Filipino people, even in the prehistoric times had already shown high
intelligence & moral virtues; virtues and intelligence clearly manifested in their
legislation, which taking into consideration the circumstances and the epoch in
which it was framed, was clearly as wise, as prudent, and as humane, as of that
of the nations then at the head of civilization.”

GOD BLESS AND THANK YOU!

 SOURCES
• HTTPS://WWW.THENEWSTODAY.INFO/2006/07/28/THE.PRE.COLONIAL.GOVER
NMENT.OF.THE.FILIPINOS.HTML
• HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/JHENGRAYN/POLITICAL-DEVELOPMENT-OF-
THE-PHILIPPINE-GOVERNMENT
• HTTP://BARANGAYPREHISPANICTO16THCENTURY.BLOGSPOT.COM/
• HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/JANINADEMETRIA/PRE-COLONIALPERIOD
• HTTPS://PREZI.COM/CX7BFNI17SF4/PRE-COLONIAL-PHILIPPINES-POLITICAL/
 GROUP MEMBERS
• ABALOS, ANA RUSTICA
• ALAYON, ANGELEE
• AMAR, ANNA MAE
• AVELINO, JASON BRIAN
• ARCEÑO, JOSHUA ROBERT
• BANGAY, MARY GRACE
• APUADA, SOPHIA SALADO
• ALMAJO, YEN