WHAT IS FIRST AID?

• Immediate care given

to an injured or sick
person before
professional medical
aid is available.
 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
PREVENT further deterioration

PRESERVE in the same condition

PROMOTE recovery

Arrange for professional AID

 Roles of First Aid
1. It is the bridge that fills the gap between
victim and the physician.
2. It ends when the services of the physician
begins.
3. It is not intended to compete with nor take
the place of a physician
WHY IS FIRST AID
IMPORTANT?
HELP FOR OTHERS
PREPARATION FOR DISASTER
AWARENESS & PREVENTION
WHY IS FIRST AID
IMPORTANT?
Self-help

Help for Others

Preparation for Disaster

Safety Awareness
QUALITIES OF A GOOD
FIRST-AIDER
Observant
Resourceful
Gentle
Tactful
Sympathetic
Cheerful
STEPS IN GIVING FIRST AID:

Danger check!!! (Is the scene safe?)

Responsiveness check (Are there signs of life?)
Shout for help and call EMS
CAB/ABC check=> CPR
Secondary Assessment (Bleeding, fracture,
injury?)
First Aid treatment
Recovery position & monitoring
DANGER CHECK!!!
• The first rule: SAFETY
RESPONSIVENESS CHECK!!!
• Are there signs of life? TAP SHOULDER
SHOUT FOR HELP & CALL FOR EMERGENCIES

The ff. info must be given:

 Situation
Number of people injured
Type of injury
Address
Your contact number
CAB/ABC CHECK!!!
• AIRWAY, BREATHING,
CIRCULATION

Quick check
pulse & breathing! Perform CPR!
 OPEN AIRWAY

Head tilt, chin lift + jaw thrust

- healthcare professionals
AIRWAY
How to open the airway?

HEAD TILT
CHIN LIFT
AIRWAYcon’t
How to open the airway?

JAW THRUST MANUEVER –

suspected spinal cord injury
CHEST COMPRESSIONS

• Place the heel of one hand in

the centre of the chest
• Place other hand on top
• Interlock fingers
• Compress the chest
– Rate 100 min-1
– Depth 2 inches
– Equal compression : relaxation
• When possible change CPR
operator every 2 min
Location of
Compression
- Flat and firm
surface
- Centre of the chest
- Lower part of the
Breastbone /
Sternum
INFANT CHILD

ADULT
 CONTINUE CPR

30 2
CIRCULATION
HIGH QUALITY CPR
1. Start compressions within 10 seconds of
recognition of cardiac arrest.
2. PUSH HARD, PUSH FAST : compress at a rate of
at least 120/min with a depth of at least 2.4
inches for adults, 2 inches for children and 1 ½
inches for infants.
3. Allow complete chest recoil.
4. Minimize interruptions in compressions (try to limit
interruptions to 10seconds)
5. Give effective breaths that make the chest rise.
6. Avoid excessive ventilation.
ADULT:
30 compression, 2 blows, 5 cycles (1 OR 2
RESCUERS)
30:2:5: 2 minutes
CHILDREN and INFANT:
30:2:5 - Single rescuer
15:2:10 - 2 rescuers
Compression DEPTH
Adult : At least 2.4 inches
Children : At least 2 inches (5cm)
Infant : approximately 1 ½ inches (4 cm)
Compression RATE
For all ages is at least 120 compression/ minute
CIRCULATION
- check for carotid pulse, not more than 10 seconds.
- locate the trachea, using 2-3 fingers
- slide these 2 fingers into the groove between the trachea and the muscles at
the side of the neck, here you can feel the carotid pulse.
- if you do not definitely feel a pulse
- within 10 seconds, start chest compression.
LAY RESCUERS / Single Rescuer or no
CPR
mask / no protection
Badger county
200 compression in 2
minute
(make sure airway is open)
Breathing
If the patient has positive (+) pulse, check the patient’s breathing, if negative (-)
breathing perform RESCUE BREATHING.
- ADULT = 1 breath every 5-6 seconds in 2 minutes total of 24 breaths
- CHILDREN and INFANT = 1breath every 3-5 seconds in 2 minutes total of 40
breaths
-start with a blow, end with a blow.
INFANT

CHILD ADULT
 If the patient has positive(+) pulse, positive (+)
breathing do the
RECOVERY POSITION to prevent ASPIRATION
WHEN TO S.T.O.P. CPR
1. SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are restored.
2. TURNED over to medical services or properly trained and
authorized personnel.
3. OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot continue CPR.
4. PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares death, take
over, etc.).
YES
YES
SECONDARY ASSESSMENT
• Check for bleeding, fracture and other injuries
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
Steps in giving first aid:

DR. SCAB iS FAR

TWO VITAL BODY FUNCTIONS
• Respiration • Blood Circulation
To the
From Body
the
Body

To the
Lungs
From
the
Lungs

Left
Atrium
Right
Atrium

Right Left
Ventricle Ventricle
RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES

Drowning

Asthma and Allergy

Drowning
2,000 Filipino children die every year d/t drowning
Treatment for a drowning victim

1. Turn to side or 2. Rewarm (blanket,

lean forward dry clothes,
cover)
1. Remove the cause

2. Fresh air

3. Lean forward

4. Breathe in brown
bag
Extreme cold

Extreme Heat

Heat cramps,

Heat exhaustion

Heat stroke)
•Rewarm

•Loosen clothing, remove jewelry

•High energy food and warm drink

•Dorsiflex feet •Drink
 Signs:
•Pale, cold skin
•Fast pulse & breathing

•Cool, loosen cloth, drink •Elevate legs

•Hot, flushed, and dry skin
•Slow,full,& bounding pulse
•May collapse
EXTREME HEAT HEAT HEAT STROKE
HEAT CRAMPS EXHAUSTION

CAUSE Loss of Loss of Severe loss of

electrolytes fluid & salt fluid & salt

SIGNS & Muscle Pale,cold skin Hot,red,dry skin

SYMPTOMS cramps Fast pulse & Slow,bounding pulse
breathing May collapse

TREATMENT Dorsiflex, Elevate Legs,

Cool & drink Cool & drink Cool & drink
“Rewarm & Feed” “Cool & Drink”
Poisoning

Animal Bites (Dog, Insect, Snake)

Epilepsy
•Stay Safe

•Control bleeding

•Wash w/ soap & water

•Cover with dry dressing

•Visit a physician
•Stay Safe
•Remove stinger
•Wash w/ soap & water
•Ice/cold pack
•Loosen clothing
•Upright position
•Visit a physician
After 30 minutes Bitten area lower
than heart
•Do not restrain
•Loosen clothing
•The victim is injured during the seizure.

•The seizure lasts for longer than 3 minutes.

•There are repeated seizures in a short period of time.

•The victim does not regain consciousness

Wound/Bleeding & amputation
Eye Injury
Head Injury
Chest & Abdominal Injury
Burns & Scald
Shock
• Scrape
• Removal of
the top
layers of the
skin
• Tear or rip
• Tissue is jagged
& irregular
A piece of tissue
is pulled away
• Cut is straight , clean
• Cut is longer and deeper
• A part of the
extremity is missing
•Direct pressure
•Ice
•Elevate
•Wash
•Cover
Treatment:
•DIE Wash & Cover
•Tourniquet (last resort)
•Lie still
•Focus on something
•Gently bandage it
•Do not remove!
•Immobilize, •Ice pack •Treat wound
Don’t eat or drink & monitor
•Seal wound
•Vertical wound (flat) •Horizontal wound (raise legs)

•Soaked dressing
•Splint when coughing/moving
•1st Degree- redness •2nd Degree-blister

•3rd Degree-all layers

•Remove jewelry
•don’t pull off clothing
Closed Green Stick

Open Complicated
•Rest •Ice

•Compress •Elevate
1.What is first-aid?
2-3. Importance of First-aid
5-11. Steps in giving first-aid
12. What will you do to rewarm
a drowning victim?
13. How will you position a
victim with asthma/allergy?
14. What is the key management for extreme cold?
15. What is the key management for extreme heat?
16. What is the substance given for ingested poison?
17. How will you remove a bee’s stinger sac?
18. T/F. The bitten area must be higher than the
heart
19. What does RICE for fracture stands for?
20. What is the key management for burn?