EPR Paradox and Bell’s inequality

Entanglement

EPR Paradox

Bell’s inequality

Experiment
Entanglement:-
A particle can be in + or - state

Entangled states
Particle can be in |+> or in |-> state

choice of direction a
 Quantum Mechanics
Probability

Fifth Solvay International Conference :-

Perhaps the most famous conference was the October 1927 Fifth Solvay International Conference
on Electrons and Photons, where the world's most notable physicists met to discuss the newly
formulated quantum theory. The leading figures were Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr.
EPR Paradox:- 1935
“Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical
Reality be Considered Complete?”

The key statement of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) is

the claim for local realism:-

1. The result of a measurement corresponds to some element of

reality. If a measurement of an observable gives a value, that value
was a property of the state.

2. The result of a measurement at one point can not depend on

whatever action takes place a far away point at the same time.
 50%

Box 1 Local Hidden

Box 2
Variable in
Quantum
Mechanics
Entangled pairs are just pairs of particles that have definite spins:-

EPR States:-

One Direction

Quantum Mechanics
EPR States:-
P(z,−z) P(z,x)!!!!
Two Direction

1/2
1/4
Do we actually need quantum mechanics to describe our
world or it just incomplete to give sufficient information
about the system?
Bell’s inequality:- J. S. BELL 1964
“ On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox”
Three vectors a,b,c. (a,−b,c) measured
Is it true??!!!!
Experiment:-
Alain Aspect 1980-1982

Experimental results have confirmed that Bell

inequalities are violated and thus the original claim
of local realism by EPR is wrong.
There is no such underline classical analogy of
quantum probability.
Thank You