DIFFUSION

ACCULTURATION

GLOBALIZATION
 DIFFUSION

The process in which discrete cultural

elements may spread from one society or
another.
 Through cultural
diffusion, people
became culturally
rich.
 Mixing of cultures has only been
increased with the advancement of
communication, transportation, and
technology
 ACCULTURATION

A process of culture change due to

contact between societies; subordinate
societies adapting to more dominant
ones
 The first usage of the
term “acculturation” in
social sciences was by
John Wesley Powell in
his reports for the US
Bureau of Ethnology in
1880.
Acculturation can range from
adoption of values and
systems to cuisine and way
of clothing.
1. ASSIMILATION
• Used when there is little to no importance in
maintaining original culture and great
importance in developing a new one.
• Results into an entire new group
indistinguishable from its past culture.
2. SEPARATION
• Used when there is little to no importance in
developing a new culture and focuses in
maintaining the original culture instead.
• Results to the original culture being maintained
and new culture being rejected.
 STRATEGIES AND OUTCOMES OF
ACCULTURATION
3. INTEGRATION
• Used when maintaining both new and original
culture is important
• Results to “code-switching” or being bicultural.
4. MARGINALIZATION
• Used when maintaining both new and original
culture is unimportant.
• Results to a group being marginalized: they are
culturally excluded.
5. TRANSMUTATION
• Used when maintaining both new and original
culture is deemed as important, but creates an
entire new culture out of said situation.
 GLOBALIZATION

The economic, cultural, and political

interdependence and interconnectedness
of all nations in the planet
• This was brought by cross-border trade in goods,
services, technologies, and flows of investment,
people, and information.
• Globalization can be traced from the “Made in
China” shirts that people own, to fruits and
vegetables exported from other countries and
other improvements in our lives.
 EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

POSITIVE:
• Improved quality of living through
improved health care, education,
etc.
• Accessibility of information
• Improved roads and transportations
for developing countries
• More job opportunities
• Enhanced communication and
interaction through the internet
• Amalgam of culture
NEGATIVE:
• Severe environmental effects
• Competition in the market,
resulting to price change
• Job insecurity especially for
developed countries
• Desire for cheap labour