Principle of Computer

as an Introduction to
Computer
Troubleshooting
Objectives :
• To Know the History of Computer
• To Know the Components of Computer
• To Know what are the uses of Computer on Board
What is Computer ?
• A Computer is a device that can be instructed to
carry out sequence of arithmetic or logical
operations automatically via computer programming.
• Modern computer have the ability to follow
generalized sets of operations, called programs.
These programs enable computers to perform an
extremely wide range of tasks.
Basic Computer
Components

• Control Unit
• Arithmetic-Logic
Unit
• Memory Unit
• Input / Output
Unit
Basic Computer
Components

Control Unit Arithmetic – Logic Unit (ALU)

- A component of a computer’s - Is a combinational digital
central processing unit (CPU) that electronic circuit that performs
directs the operation of the arithmetic and bitwise operations
processor. on integer binary numbers.
- It tells the computer’s memory,
arithmetic and logic, and Input
and output unit how to respond
to the instructions that have been
sent to the processor
 Basic Computer Components
Control Unit
Arithmetic-Logic Unit
Memory Unit
Input / Output Unit
Basic Computer
Components
Memory Unit
- Primary Storage, or memory
means the space on your hard
drive that is briefly used for
working space.
- Memory consists of four types
of memory chips RAM, ROM,
CMOS, and Flash
RAM – Random Access Memory is a type of
chip used in primary storage memory. It is
also temporary storage, holding software
instructions and short-term working
memory for the processor
ROM – refers to a read only memory chip
that cannot be written or erased by the
computer users without special equipment.
CMOS – stands for complementary metal-
oxide-semiconductor. This is a technology
used in chips and analog circuits
Flash Memory – is an electronic (solid-
state) non-volatile computer storage
medium that can be electrically erased and
reprogrammed.
Uses of Computer on
Board
Inputs – are the signals
Input and Output Unit or data received by the
- Is the communication systems
between an information
processing system, such as a
computer, and the outside
world, possibly a human or Outputs – are the
another information signals or data sent
processing sytem. from it.
Basic Computer
Components
- In this interconnected world,
virtually every industry has at
least a basic computer system
and connectivity to a local
network and to the internet.
- Modern ships contain many
different equipment and machinery
that run round the clock. Systems
such as the engine, fuel delivery,
electrical power, climate control,
among others, need constant
monitoring.
- Navigation systems for modern
ship uses GPS, Radar, Sonar, and
computerized maps in conjunction
with radio and satellite-based
communication system.