Presentation

Name : Dapinder Singh

Rollno : 7080710229

Branch : EEE
 Wind Energy
 About Wind Energy
 The history of wind energy
 The nature of wind energy
 The costs of wind energy
 Using wind energy around the world
 How Wind Power Is Generated
 Where it’s available
 Wind Turbine Types
 How does a Wind Turbine Work?
 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Wind Electicity
Diagram Of Wind Power
 About Wind Energy

Wind energy converts kinetic energy that is

present in the wind into more useful
forms of energy such as mechanical
energy or electricity. Wind energy is a
pollution-free, infinitely sustainable form
of energy. It doesn’t use fuel; it doesn’t
produce greenhouse gasses, and it
doesn’t produce toxic or radioactive
waste.
The History Of Wind
Energy
 Humans have used wind energy for thousands
of years . The current interest in wind energy
was started by the need to develop clean,
sustainable energy systems that can be relied
on for the long-term future. Modern
aerodynamics and engineering have improved
wind turbines. They now provide reliable, cost-
effective, pollution-free energy for individual,
community, and national applications.
The Nature Of Wind
Energy
 Wind energy is the kinetic energy that is present in
moving air. The amount of potential energy depends
mainly on wind speed, but is also affected slightly by
the density of the air, which is determined by the air
temperature, barometric pressure, and altitude.
 For any wind turbine, the power and energy output
increases dramatically as the wind speed increases.
Therefore, the most cost-effective wind turbines are
located in the windiest areas. Wind speed is affected
by the local terrain and increases with height above the
ground, so wind turbines are usually mounted on tall
towers.
Cost Of Wind Energy
 Any wind turbine that is installed in a very windy area generates
less expensive electricity than the same unit installed in a less
windy area. So it’s important to assess the wind at the potential
site.
 Modern wind turbine generators cost between $1500 and $2000
per kilowatt for wind farms that use multiple-unit arrays of large
machines. Smaller individual units cost up to $3000 per kilowatt.
In good wind areas, the costs of generating electricity range
between five and ten cents per kilowatt hour. That cost is
somewhat higher than the costs associated with an electrical
facility, but wind energy costs are decreasing every year, whereas
most conventional generation costs continue to increase.
Using Wind Energy Around
The World
 The use of wind turbine generators is growing around
the world. In terms of installation and operation
worldwide, the wind power industry now turns over
more than 9 billion USD. At the end of 2004, 47,000
megawatts of wind-generated electricity produced
some 92 TWh of electricity. That is sufficient energy for
the electricity needs of Portugal and Greece combined.
 2005 was a record year for new installed capacity in
Canada. As of April 2006 Canada’s installed wind
energy capacity was 944 MW, enough to power more
than 280,000 homes.
How Wind Power Is
Generated
 The terms "wind energy" or "wind power"
describe the process by which the wind is used
to generate mechanical power or electricity.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the
wind into mechanical power. This mechanical
power can be used for specific tasks (such as
grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator
can convert this mechanical power into
electricity to power homes, businesses,
schools, and the like.
Where It’s Available
 Wind energy can be produced anywhere in the
world where the wind blows with a strong and
consistent force. Windier locations produce
more energy, which lowers the cost of
producing electricity. Moderate to excellent
wind resources are found in most regions of
the United States. However, the majority of the
useable wind resources in the United States
are found in the western Plains states.
Wind Turbine Types

 Modern wind turbines fall into two basic

groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like
the traditional farm windmills used for
pumping water, and the vertical-axis
design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus
model, named after its French inventor.
Most large modern wind turbines are
horizontal-axis turbines.
How Does A Wind Turbine
Works ?
 This aerial view of a wind power
plant shows how a group of wind
turbines can make electricity for
the utility grid. The electricity is
sent through transmission and
distribution lines to homes,
businesses, schools, and so on.
 These three-bladed wind turbines
are operated "upwind," with the
blades facing into the wind. The
other common wind turbine type
is the two-bladed, downwind
turbine.
 .
So how do wind turbines make
electricity? Simply stated, a wind
turbine works the opposite of a fan.
Instead of using electricity to make
wind, like a fan, wind turbines use
wind to make electricity. The wind
turns the blades, which spin a
shaft, which connects to a
generator and makes electricity.
Utility-scale turbines range in size
from 50 to 750 kilowatts. Single
small turbines, below 50 kilowatts,
are used for homes,
telecommunications dishes, or
water pumping
Internal Structure Of Wind Panel
 Anemometer: Measures the wind speed and transmits
wind speed data to the controller.
 Blades: Most turbines have either two or three blades.
Wind blowing over the blades causes the blades to "lift"
and rotate.
 Brake: A disc brake which can be applied
mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically to stop the
rotor in emergencies.
 Controller: The controller starts up the machine at
wind speeds of about 8 to 16 miles per hour (mph) and
shuts off the machine at about 65 mph. Turbines cannot
operate at wind speeds above about 65 mph because
their generators could overheat.
 Gear box: Gears connect the low-speed shaft to the
high-speed shaft and increase the rotational speeds
from about 30 to 60 rotations per minute (rpm) to about
1200 to 1500 rpm, the rotational speed required by
most generators to produce electricity. The gear box is
a costly (and heavy) part of the wind turbine and
engineers are exploring "direct-drive" generators that
operate at lower rotational speeds and don't need gear
boxes.
 Generator: Usually an off-the-shelf induction generator
that produces 60-cycle AC electricity.
 High-speed shaft: Drives the generator.
 Low-speed shaft: The rotor turns the low-speed shaft at
about 30 to 60 rotations per minute.
 Nacelle: The rotor attaches to the nacelle, which sits atop
the tower and includes the gear box, low- and high-speed
shafts, generator, controller, and brake. A cover protects
the components inside the nacelle. Some nacelles are
large enough for a technician to stand inside while working.
 Pitch: Blades are turned, or pitched, out of the wind to
keep the rotor from turning in winds that are too high or too
low to produce electricity.
 Rotor: The blades and the hub together are called the
rotor.
 Tower: Towers are made from tubular steel (shown here) or steel
lattice. Because wind speed increases with height, taller towers
enable turbines to capture more energy and generate more
electricity.

 Wind direction: This is an "upwind" turbine, so-called because it

operates facing into the wind. Other turbines are designed to run
"downwind", facing away from the wind.
 Wind vane: Measures wind direction and communicates with the
yaw drive to orient the turbine properly with respect to the wind.
 Yaw drive: Upwind turbines face into the wind; the yaw drive is
used to keep the rotor facing into the wind as the wind direction
changes..
 Downwind turbines don't require a yaw
drive, the wind blows the rotor downwind.
 Yaw motor: Powers the yaw drive
Advantages and Disadvantages
of Wind Electricity

 A Renewable Non-Polluting Resource

 Wind energy is a free, renewable
resource, so no matter how much is
used today, there will still be the same
supply in the future. Wind energy is also
a source of clean, non-polluting,
electricity. Unlike conventional power
plants, wind plants emit no air pollutants
or greenhouse gases
Cost Issue
 Even though the cost of wind power has decreased
dramatically in the past 10 years, the technology
requires a higher initial investment than fossil-fueled
generators. Roughly 80% of the cost is the machinery,
with the balance being site preparation and installation.
If wind generating systems are compared with fossil-
fueled systems on a "life-cycle" cost basis (counting
fuel and operating expenses for the life of the
generator), however, wind costs are much more
competitive with other generating technologies
because there is no fuel to purchase and minimal
operating expenses.
Environmental Concerns
 Although wind power plants have relatively little
impact on the environment compared to fossil
fuel power plants, there is some concern over
the noise produced by the rotor blades,
aesthetic (visual) impacts, and birds and bats
having been killed (avian/bat mortality) by
flying into the rotors. Most of these problems
have been resolved or greatly reduced through
technological development or by properly siting
wind plants.
Supply and Transport
Issues
 The major challenge to using wind as a source of
power is that it is intermittent and does not always
blow when electricity is needed. Wind cannot be stored
(although wind-generated electricity can be stored, if
batteries are used), and not all winds can be
harnessed to meet the timing of electricity demands.
Further, good wind sites are often located in remote
locations far from areas of electric power demand
(such as cities). Finally, wind resource development
may compete with other uses for the land, and those
alternative uses may be more highly valued than
electricity generation.
THANKS