ART APPRECIATION

Fundamentals of Drawing
INTRODUCTION
Drawing is a form of visual art that makes
use of any number of drawing instruments
to mark a two – dimensional medium.
An artist who practices or works in drawing
may be called draftsman or draughtsman.
The medium has been popular and
fundamental means of public expression
throughout human history. It is one of the
simplest and most efficient means of
communicating visual ideas.
Instruments used for drawing include
graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked
brushes, wax color pencils, Crayons,
Charcoal, Chalk, Pastels, Markers, styluses
and various metals (such as silverpoint).
Other materials used for drawing include
various kinds of erasers, pencil sharpeners,
geometric apparatus such as rulers,
protractors, compass etc.
The most common surfaces for drawing is
paper, although other surface materials
such as cardboard, plastic, leather, canvas,
and board, may be used. Temporary
drawings may be made on a blackboard or
whiteboard or indeed almost anything.
 Origin of Basic Drawing Materials
The precursor to modern paper dates back to
2nd century BC in China. PAPER
From China, the paper making process spread
to the Middle East, then to medieval Europe in
the 13th century, where the first water
powered paper mills were built.
In 1844, Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty
and German F.G. Keller independently
developed processes for pulping wood fibers
significantly lowering the cost.
Modern day paper is a thin material produced
by pressing together moist fibers, typically
cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or
grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
 Origin of Basic Drawing Materials
“Pencil” from French: “pincel”, which means ―a
small paintbrush PENCIL
From Latin: “penicillus” a "little tail― Evolution O
Modern day pencils evolved from an ancient
Roman writing instrument made of lead called a
stylus. Lead poisoning from pencils was not
uncommon Discovery of Graphite.
Some time before 1565, an enormous deposit of
graphite was discovered Cumbria, England. The
locals found that it was very useful for marking
sheep and thought it was some form of Lead.
Graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous.
 Origin of Basic Drawing Materials
An eraser is an article of stationery that is used for ERASER
removing pencil markings.

Typical erasers are made from synthetic rubber, but more

expensive or specialized erasers are vinyl, plastic, or gum-
like materials.

Before rubber erasers, tablets of rubber or wax were used to

erase lead or charcoal marks from paper. Bits of rough
stone such as sandstone or pumice were used to remove
small errors from parchment or papyrus documents written
in ink. Crustless bread was used as an eraser in the past.

In 1770, Edward Nairne, an English engineer, is credited

with developing the first widely-marketed rubber eraser for
an inventions competition. He sold natural rubber erasers
for the high price of three shillings per half-inch cube.
Basic Shapes and Forms
SHADING
DRAWING THE
HUMAN FACE