Brain Parts and their

functions
 Frontal lobe (cerebrum)
The frontal lobe is the
part of the brain that
controls important
cognitive skills in humans,
such as emotional
expression, problem
solving, memory,
language, judgment, and
sexual behaviors. It is, in
essence, the “control
panel” of our personality
and our ability to
 Prefrontal lobe

The prefrontal cortex is a part of the brain located at

the front of the frontal lobe. It is implicated in a
variety of complex behaviors, including planning,
and greatly contributes to personality development.
 Parietal lobe

The parietal lobes are one of the four main lobes or

regions of the cerebral cortex. The parietal lobes are
positioned behind the frontal lobes and above the
temporal lobes. These lobes are important to the function
and processing of sensory information, understanding
spatial orientation and body awareness.
 Occipital lobe

The occipital lobes are one of the four main lobes or regions
of the cerebral cortex. These lobes are vital for receiving,
processing, and interpreting sensory information. The
occipital lobes are positioned at the posterior region of the
cerebral cortex and are the main centers for visual
processing. In addition to the occipital lobes, posterior
portions of the parietal lobes and temporal lobes are also
involved in visual perception.
 The temporal lobe subserves disparate
functions. The dorsal (or superior) part is
involved in the perceptual processing of
auditory signals including speech. The
primary auditory area is located at the central
part of the lower bank of the lateral fissure,
with higher auditory areas circumscribing it.
 2 Classifications of
Learning Disabilities

1. Academic Learning
Disabilities –significant
inhibition of a blockage in
learning to read, write, spell,
or to compute arithmetically.
2. Developmental Learning
Disabilities- deviations in the
development of a number of
psychological and linguistic
functions.
 Types of Developmental
Learning Disabilities
1. Language disorder- child doesn’t talk like older
siblings at a similar age, or doesn’t respond adequately to
directions or verbal statements.
2. Thinking disabilities- difficulties in the cognitive
operations of concept formation, problem-solving and
association of ideas.
3. Memory deficits – inability to remember or recall
what has been heard or seen or experienced either visual
or auditory.
4. Attention disorder –result of delayed development
in the capacity to employ and sustain selective attention.
 Causes of Learning Disability
1. Brain Damage – causes severe learning
problem across all kinds of intellectual
development like mental retardation.
2. Environmental Factors – emotional
disturbance, lack of motivation, and poor
instruction.
3. Biochemical Imbalance-caused by
artificial colorings and flavorings in many
of the foods children eat
 Genetics

- due to hereditary
factors or similar
learning environments
 Other factors Contributing to Learning
Disabilities
1. Physical Conditions- visual and hearing defects,
confused laterality and spatial orientation, poor body
image, hyper kinesis, under-nourishment, etc.
2. Psychological conditions- developmental learning
disabilities include attention disorder, poor auditory or
visual perception and discrimination, language delay
or disorder, inadequate thinking abilities, defective
short-term auditory or visual memory.
3. Environmental factors- refer to condition at home,
community, and school that may adversely affect the
child’s normal development psychologically and
academically.