TRUTH

AND
OPINION
OPINION
• It is a statement of judgement of a person about
something in the world.
• Statements that are in need of further justification.
 HOW TO CRITICALLY EXAMINE
OPINIONS:
1. Argumentatum ad Hominem (Argument
against the Person)
– a fallacy used when people convince others
that someone’s argument should be rejected
because of the person’s personal background
– his history, nationality, race, socio-economic
status, family, religion and other circumstances.
HALIMBAWA:
Hindi magiging mabuting lider ng bayan si Juan
sapagkat siya’y binabae.
2. Argumentatum ad Baculum (Appeal to
force)
–This is an argument used by people who want to
win a conflict by issuing threats to their opponents.

HALIMBAWA:
Gawin na ninyo ang aking sinasabi. Baka
nakakalimutan nyo ako ang lider, ako ang masusunod.
3. Argumentatum ad Misericordiam (Appeal to
pity)
–An argument used by people who want to win
people over by manipulating their emotions. This is
a favorite tactic of politicians during campaign
periods.

HALIMBAWA:
Kailangang ipasa ang lahat ng mahihirap na mag-aaral
sapagkat lalo silang magiging kaawa-awa kung sila ay
babagsak.
4. Argumentatum ad Populum (Bandwagon
fallacy)
–This argument is a favorite marketing strategy by
advertising agencies. It is used by appealing to
popular sentiment of the public. If they want the
product to sell, they will get the most popular
personalities to model their product.