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Design And Development

of Micro Grid
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 Team Members
• Bilal Raza SP12-BET-014
• Haseeb Arshad SP12-BET-109
• Asif Khan SP11-BET-015
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Supervised by:
Sir Zeeshan Najam
4 OUTLINE
 Motivation
 Objective
 Introduction to microgrid.
 Microgrid operating modes.
 The need of microgrid.
 Environmental aspects.
 Conventional grid vs microgrid.
 Methodology
 Working Plan
 Circuit Diagram
 Achievements
5 Motivation
1. Electricity has become basic need in every field of life.

2. Energy consumption has become much larger while the production of

energy is not fulfilling our needs.

3. Energy distributed by Local distributors is costly.

4. We are facing energy crisis for many years in Pakistan, Microgrid is best

option to produce energy using natural recources.

6 Objective
 Enhancement of supply reliability via partial or complete islanding during
loss of main grid.

 Energy loss reduction due to decreased line power flows.

 Improvement of the voltage quality via coordinating reactive power

control and constrained active power dispatch.

 Relief of congested networks and device, e.g. during peak loading through
selective scheduling of micro source outputs.

 Electrification of remote or under developed areas.

7 What is a Microgrid

It is a small-scale power supply network that is

designed to provide power for a small community.

It enables local power generation for local loads.

It comprises of various small power generating

sources that makes it highly flexible and efficient.
8 Microgrid components

 Distributed generation.

 Loads.

 Immediate storage.

 Controller.

 Point of Common Coupling.

9 Microgrid operating mode

Grid connected mode

 Utility grid is ative.

 Static switch is closed.

 All feeders are being supplied by utility grid.

10 Island mode

 Utility grid is not supplying power

 Static switch is open

 Feeder which is being feeded by the utility grid is dead

 The other feeders are being feeded by microsources

11 The need of Microgrid

 Microgrid could be answer to our energy crisis.

 Transmission losses gets highly reduced.

 Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts emissions without major

changes to lifestyles.

 Provide high qualityand reliable energy supply to critical loads.

12 Environmental Aspects

 Microgrid encourages the use of the renewable energy sources.

 Large land use impacts are avoided.

 Carbon dioxide emissions are reduced.

13 Conventional grid vs. Microgrid

 Efficiency of conventional grid is very low as compared to microgrid.

 Large amount of energy in the form of heat is wasted in conventional grid.

 Power sources in case of microgrid (often reffered to as Microsources) are

small and are located in close proximity to load.
 Methodology

Our Micro Grid takes multiple AC inputs from different energy

sources i.e.

• Inverter (its battery is charged by solar panel and wind mill)

• Local energy distributors (Wapda)

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• Gasoline generator
(respectively to provide continuous flow of electricity)
 Sources
• Solar panel

•Wind mill

•Inverter

15 •Local electricity distribution

•Gasoline generator
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Sources Review
17 Inverter

 It converts DC to AC.
 It takes DC from Battery and runs the AC Load.

Battery
Battery is charged by following conventional sources:
 Solar Panel.
 Windmill.
18 Solar Panel
 The word “photovoltaic” contains two terms “photo” refers to light and
“voltaic” is for voltage.

 This system uses photovoltaic cell that directly converts sunlight into
electricity. In commercially available photo voltaic cells, silicon is most
commonly used as a semiconductor material.

 Semiconductor material is designed as that it possesses different charges at

both ends i.e. positive and negative.

 When sunlight falls on positive side, it activates the electrons present on

negative side, resulting in a flow of electric current.

 It is a cheap source of energy.

19 Windmill
 It converts Mechanical Energy into Electrical DC Energy, with the help of
Generator.

 It is also a cheap source of energy like solar panel.

Local Electricity Distributors

 Wapda provides discontinuous services regarding energy distribution.

 It is expensive source of energy as compare to our micro grid station.

20 Generator

“The Generator converts mechanical energy into Electrical Energy”

LOGIC USED
 Our system produces cheap electricity from solar panel and windmill.

 In severe cases when the voltage gets unstable from both the sources, the
Load is shifted to Local Distributor.

 If local distributor is not available, then our Grid will auto start the generator
to stable the flow of energy to the Load.
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Implementation
22 Working
In the very first step:
 Integration of Solar panel and wind mill with inverter via battery.

 Charging to battery with Solar and wind is controller by charge controller.

 AC Sources are connected to the micro controller (PIC 16) and the shifting
of the sources is controlled by microcontroller using relays to run the load.

 When electricity from Inverter and Local Distributor is not available the
microcontroller will automatically start the generator using relays and shift
the load to the generator.
23 Circuitry
 Block Diagram
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Rectifier 7805 L.C.D.
16X4
Rectifier 7805
PIC
Transformer 16

Transformer
Windmill

Generator Solar
ULN2003 Panel
Wapda

Diode
D1047
Diode

Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay LOAD

Ignition Self Wapda Inverter Generator
Battery
Inverter
25 Achievements

 We have produced a stable system

 Energy loss in transmission line is reduced

 Pakistan is facing energy crisis in this energy starving era we have produced
this independent model which will help in reducing energy crisis.
26 Advantages of Microgrid

 A major advantage of microgrid, is its ability ,during a utility grid

disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with
little or no disruption to the loads within the microgrid.

 In peak load periods it prevents utility grid failure by reducing the load on
the grid.

 Microgrid can act to mitigate the electricity costs to its users by generating
some or all of its electricity needs.
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Thank you!