Overview

 Introduction

 Ageing of Bitumen

 Need for the study

 Objective

 Literature review

 Methodology

 Results and discussion

 Conclusion

 References

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Introduction

 Age Hardening- durability of pavements.

 Viscosity of bitumen increases, more stiff and brittle.
 Rejuvenators used to restore the properties.
 Lubricating oil, waste product from the automotive
industry require proper disposal.
 The use of Waste Engine oil to reduce the stiffening
effect of bitumen is studied.

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Ageing of bitumen
 Bitumen ageing - Short term ageing and long term
ageing.

 Short term ageing - mixing, transportation and

laying.

 Long term ageing - during service.

 To stimulate short term ageing in lab – Rolling Thin

Film Oven test at high temperature is used.

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Need for the Study
 Safe and environment friendly approach for the disposal of
waste engine oil.

 Resist the hardening of bitumen, minimize the damage of

pavement caused by ageing of binder.

 Study on VG- 30 grade not done before.

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Objectives
 To investigate the viability of using waste engine oil as a
rejuvenator of aged bitumen.

 To perform short term ageing of neat bitumen using Rolling

Thin Film Oven (RTFO).

 To study and compare the material properties of fresh bitumen,

aged bitumen, aged bitumen blended with Waste Engine oil at
three different percentages (5%,10%,15%).

 To determine the Optimum Waste Engine oil content which

restore the properties of fresh bitumen.

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METHODOLOGY
Test on neat bitumen
(Penetration, Softening point, Viscosity, Ductility &
Specific Gravity)

Ageing of bitumen using Rolling Thin Film Oven

Test on Aged Bitumen

Blending of Waste Engine oil with aged bitumen

( 5%, 10%,15%)

Test on WEO blended aged bitumen

Comparison of Properties and

Determination of Optimum Waste Engine Oil content
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 Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFO)
 Evaluate the changes in behaviour characteristics of bitumen, when
a sample is subjected to hardening in the presence of hot air.

 Pouring 35 g sample into each of the ageing bottles.

 Allow all bottles to cool 60 to 180 minutes. After cooling the

bitumen sample glass bottle is suitably attached to the rotating rack
of the oven.

 The bottles are placed in the RTFO oven carousel, then the doors are
closed, and carousel rotated at 15 rpm for 85 minutes. During this
time, maintain the oven temperature at 163°C.

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 Rolling Thin Film Oven

 While the bottle is rotating the liquid bitumen also rolls inside
the bottle and exposed to heat.

 To accelerate the hardening, hot air is blown into the bottle by

means of an air jet.

 The residue obtained from the remaining bottles is the short

term aged sample.

 Blending is done - 500 rpm at a temperature of 1500 C for a

mixing time of 30 minutes.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
TEST ON NEAT BITUMEN (VG 30 GRADE)

Sl Property of Bitumen Test Results Remarks

No
1 Penetration 66 IS 1203-1978

2 Sp. Gravity of bitumen 1.012 IS 1202-1978

3 Softening point(°C) 52 IS 1205-1978

4 Viscosity (cP) 575 IS 1206-1978

5 Ductility (cm) 75 IS 1208-1978

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Results and discussion(contd…)
TEST ON AGED BITUMEN BLENDED WITH
WASTE ENGINE OIL
Physical Addition of WEO (%) on aged Bitumen IS 73: 2006
Properties of Specification
bitumen 0% 5% 10% 15%

Penetration 42 58 64 71 50-70
Softening
72 61 55 48 40-55
point (0C)
Viscosity
645 610 562 528 Min 350
(cP)

Ductility
46 57 65 71 Min-40
(cm)

Specific
0.99 1.00 1.01 1.013 0.97-1.02
Gravity
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COMPARISON OF RESULTS
Penetration value 80
70
60 71
66 64
50 58
40
30
42
20
10
0
Fresh Bitumen Aged Bitumen Blended Bitumen Blended Bitumen Blended Bitumen
with 0% WEO with 5% WEO with 10% WEO with 15% WEO

Waste Engine oil content(%)

Fig 7. Variation of Penetration

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 80
Softening Point (oC)

70
60
72
50 61
52 55
40 48
30
20
10
0
Fresh Bitumen Aged Bitumen with Blended Bitumen Blended Bitumen Blended Bitumen
0% WEO with 5% WEO with 10% WEO with 15% WEO
Waste Engine Oil content (%)

Fig 8. Variation of Softening Point

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 700

600 645
610
500 575 562
528
Vicosity (cP)

400

300

200

100

0
Fresh Bitumen Aged Bitumen with Blended Bitumen Blended Bitumen Blended Bitumen
0% WEO with 5% WEO with 10% WEO with 15% WEO

Waste Engine Oil Content(%)

Fig 9.Variation of Viscosity

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 80
70 75
71
60 65
50 57
Ductility (cm)

40 46
30
20
10
0
Unaged Bitumen Aged Bitumen with Aged Bitumen with Aged Bitumen with Aged Bitumen with
0% WEO 5% WEO 10% WEO 15% WEO
Waste Engine Oil Content(%)

Fig 10. Variation of Ductility

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 Specific Gravity
1.03

1.02
Specific Gravity

1.01 1.012 1.013

1.01

1.00
1

0.99
0.99

0.98
Fresh Bitumen Aged Bitumen with Blended Bitumen Blended Bitumen Blended Bitumen
0% WEO with 5% WEO with 10% WEO with 15% WEO

Waste Engine Oil Content(%)

Fig 11. Variation of Specific Gravity

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Conclusion
 The material properties of unaged and aged bitumen was studied.

 There is 36% reduction in penetration value upon ageing.

 The penetration value of aged bitumen increased with the addition

of WEO.

 The stiffness of blended bitumen decreased as WEO was added.

 At 10% WEO content it has similar penetration value with fresh

bitumen.

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 The aged bitumen has the highest softening point(38% increase) .

 Bitumen becomes more brittle and hard upon ageing.

 The softening point decreases when the bitumen is blended with

WEO, 15% decrease on addition of 5% WEO content .

 The softening point further decreases on addition of more WEO.

 Similar results with fresh bitumen at 10% WEO addition.

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 Ageing lead to 11% increase in viscosity.

 The addition of WEO decreased the viscosity values of aged

bitumen.

 At 10% WEO content , similar result with fresh bitumen.

 The results for viscosity test support the claim that WEO can
be used as softening agent to counteract the stiffening of
binders for aged bitumen.

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 The ductility value decreases as the bitumen aged.

 The decreasing trend of ductility- increase in stiffness of the

aged bitumen.

 The addition of WEO restore the ductility of aged bitumen.

 At 10% WEO content , specific gravity of blended bitumen has

resemblance with fresh bitumen.

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Conclusion
 Optimum percentage of WEO is 10%.

 Waste Engine Oil (WEO)-counteract the stiffening of aged

bitumen and restore the aged binder to that of fresh bitumen.

 Safe disposal of Waste Engine Oil.

 A possible application of WEO is in the recycling of bituminous

pavements, where it can be used as rejuvenating agent.

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 REFERENCES
 Touqeer Shoukat et al.(2018), “Rheological Evaluation of
Asphalt Modified with Automobile Waste Engine oil”
Australian Journal of Civil engineering, Vol 11(2), 1-5.
 Ahmad Kamil Arshad et al.(2017), ”Physical and Rheological
Properties of Aged Bitumen Rejuvenated with Waste Engine
Oil”,International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Materials,
Vol 802, 363-368.
 Jamshed Ali et al. (2018), “Ageing of Bitumen Pavement – A
Review”,International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology”, Vol 5(6), 2711-2715.
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REFERENCES
 Sara Fernandes et al. (2017), “Improving Asphalt Performance
by Partially Replacing Bitumen with Waste Motor Oil and
Elastomer Modifiers”, Vol 794(7 ), 1-11.
 Xiaoyang Jia et al.(2015), “Influence of Waste Engine Oil on
Asphalt Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ”
Vol 27(12), 1-14.
 Christopher D et al.(2015), “The Performance of Aged Asphalt
Materials Rejuvenated with Waste Engine Oil” , International
Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, Vol 7(2), 145-
152.

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REFERENCES
 ASTM D 2872-12, Standard test method for effect of heat and air
on a moving film of asphalt (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test).

 IS 73:2006,Indian Standard Paving bitumen specification, Bureau

of Indian Standard, New Delhi.

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THANK YOU

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