INTRODUCTION

TO LIFE SCIENCE
MARYROSE MALLORCA
PETER JOEDALE DALING
JOHN CARLO SANTIAGO “POGI”
* IPALIWANAG KUNG ANO ANG GUSTONG SABIHIN O ANO ANG IYONG PAGKAKAINTINDI SA CHART NA ITO.1WHOLE .10 POINTS

PS.CARLO PASAGUTAN ORIGIN

MO TO BAGO KA
MAGSIMULA .
OF

LIFE
Believed to have Can be studied
fromed from through
First life forms

NON LIVING BACTERIA UNIFYING THEMES

MATTER

Involved into
Found on Which shows
COMPLEX LIFE FORM
CONNECTION INTERACTION
EARLY EARTH
As evidence by
in

FOSSIL RECORDS LIVING THINGS

LEARNING
COMPETENCIES

1.Explain the envolving concept of

life based an emerging pieces of
eviedence.

2.Describe classic experiments

that model condition which may
have enabled the first forms to
envolve.

3.Discuss the unifying themes in

the study of life.

4.Values life by taking good care

of all organism.
THE CONCEPT OF LIFE

Earth is much older than life. Based on radioactive

decay studies of rock, it was revealed that earth is
around 4.5 billion years old—1 billion years older
than the oldest fossils. So how did life begin?
where did it cue from.
THE CONCEPT OF LIFE

There where no witness on the

origin of life. However, there are
possible explanation that here are
different on how life could begun

1. EXTRATERRESTIAL ORIGIN – The

hypothesis explains that life originated
on another planet in our Solar System.
Life was then carried to Earth on
Meteorite or an asteroid. However this
hypothesis has not been proven
THE CONCEPT
OF LIFE

2. Panspermia – the theory

presumes that the “seed of life”
exist all over the universe and
propagated through space and
that life on Earth originate from
those seeds.
THE CONCEPT
OF LIFE

3. DIVINE CREATION –
Many people believe that
life was put on earth by
divine forces (theory to)
theories are common to
many of the worlds religions
and culture.
THE CONCEPT
OF LIFE

4. Origin from non living

matter – Scientist
believe that life arose on
Earth from inanimate
after Earth had cooled.
EARLY LIFE
FORMS
■ Earth as estimated by several independent is about 4.5 billion years. So far, no
fossils have been forms in the oldest rocks, which are about 3.8 billion years old.
The oldest fossil that have been discovered were found is 3.5 billion year old
rocks that were once sediments on the ocean floor .The tiny fossils that were
found in this ancient rocks were bacteria.
■ Biologist separate the bacteria into two groups according to composition of their
cell walls and cell membranes ,as well as in the structure of some of their
proteins..
■ Today nologist believe that the oxygen of early earth
atmosphere was produced by bacteria.
■ Life was only able to move onto land because of a
change in the atmosphere
EARLY LIFE
FORMS
-Biologist separate the bacteria into two groups according to composition
of their cell walls and cell membranes ,as well as in the structure of some
of their proteins.

-Today nologist believe that the oxygen of early earth

atmosphere was produced by bacteria.

-Life was only able to move onto land because of a change in

the atmosphere.
CHARACTERISTICS
OF LIFE
Properties of life
Properties
of life
All living organism share several
key characteristics or functions;
order, sensitivity or response to the
environment, reproduction, growth
and development, regulation,
homeostasis, and energy
processing. When viewed together,
the characteristics serve to define
life
Order ■ Organism are highly organized
structure that consist of one or
more cell. Even very simple,
single-celled organism are
remarkable complex inside
each cell, atoms make up
molecules; these in turn make
up cell organizean other
cellular inclusion.
 Sensitivity ■ Organism response to diverse
or response stimuli. For example ,plants can
bond toward a source of life, climb
to stimuli on fences and walls, or respond to
touch
■ Even tiny bacteria can move toward
or away from chemicals or light.
Movement toward a stimuli’s of
considered a positive response,
while movement away from a
stimuli's is considered a negative
response.
Reproduction
Single called organism reproduce by first
duplicating their DNA, and then dividing it
equally as the cell prepares to divide t form
two new cells. Multicellular organism of the
produce specialized reproductive gamine cells
that will form new individuals, When
reproduction occurs, genes containing DNA
are passed along to an organism offspring.
These genes ensure that the offspring will
belong to the same species and with similar
characteristics, such as size and shape.
Growth and
Development

Organism grow and develop following

specific instruction coded for by their
gene. These genes provide instruction
that will direct cellular growth and
development, ensuring that a species
,young will grow up to inhibit many of
the same characteristics as its parent.
Regulation

Even the smallest organism are

complex and require multiple regulatory
mechanism to coordinate internal
function, respond to stimuli, and cope
with environmental stresses. Two
example of infernal function regulated
in an organism are nutrient transport
and blood flow.
Homeostasis

In order to function properly, cell need

to have appropriate conditions such as
proper temperature, pH, and
appropriate concentration of diverse
chemicals. These conditions may,
however, change from one moment to
the next.
Energy
processing
All organism use a source of
energy for their metabolic
activities. Some organism
capture energy from ta sun and
convert it into chemical energy in
food (Photosynthesis);others use
in chemicals energy in
molecules they take in as food.
Cellular
organization

All living things are made up of

cells. Cells are the smallest part
of life that can still perform all the
functions of living organisms.
Cells can be organized into
organs. All 4 macromolecules
make up cells.
 UNIFYING
THEMES IN LIFE
SCIENCE
LEVEL ORGANIZATION
ATOMIS SIMPLE INORGANIC COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL
MOLECULES MOLECULES ORGANELLES

ORGANS CELL
ORGANS TISSUES
SYSTEM

ECOSYSTEM

MULTICELLULAR
POPULATION COMMUNITY
ORANISM
BIOSPHERE
THE FLOW ■ Energy is used by organism to grow and
do work.without it,life stops.
OF ENERGY ■ Almost all the energy that living things
need is obtaimed form the sun.
■ Plants capture the energy form sunlight
and use it to make complex molecules in
a process called photosynthesis.These
molecules then serve as the source of
fuel for animals that eat them.
■ The flow of energy among organism
helps determine how organisms interact
within their environment .
 Life forms are slowly changing and have
apperntly been chanding .CHARLES DARVIN
proposed the theory of evolution by natural
selection,which presumes that organisms with
more favorable traits would be more likely to
surive and reproduce in a certain
EVOLUTION environment.These favorable traits are called
adaptation.for organisms the lack the
necessary adaptation would die out,and all
individuals with favorable adapatation would
live.These process changes the species over
time.
 ■ Living things interact with each other
anad with the environment.A living
community is highly structured and
interdependent .This interdenpendence id
the result of a long process of evolution in
INTERACTING which selection hasfavored cooperated

SYSTEM
■ For example,animal cell that descended
from symbiotic bacteria posses
organelles,and symbiotic fungi helped
plants move fro, sea to land.the
coevolution of flowering plants and
insects has been respomsible for he
diversity.
 ■ A relationship exist between
structure and function at all level of
biological organization.

STRUCTURE ■ In biological structure is always

related to fuction.Hence,the
AND hierarchy of structural levels is the
FUNCTION th basis.for the biology
organization.
■ For example, humming bird sucks
nectsr from a deep flower its long
tongue.
 ■ ECOLOGY is the of complex
communities of organisms in
relation to their
environment.Organisms need the
physical environment to
ECOLOGY survive.they need substances like
water,nutrients,and gases from the
environment.
■ Example,all organisms depend on
the oxygen-carbon dioxide
cycle,which releasesvital gases in
the atmosphere.
 ■ Knowledge frombiological science
can be applied to specific problems
in the society to improve human
life.

SCIENCE ■ Example, the development of a

vaccine against poliomyelitis virus
AND in the 1950s was scientific

SOCIETY
breakthrough that had a large
impact on society.by producing the
polio vaccine in bulk and
distributing it throughout the world,
scientist,business leader,and
governments have worked together
to reduce the threat of polio.
YUNG 1WHOLE NA GINAMIT KANINA DOON DIN ITO ILALAGAY PARA DI SAYANG PUNO.

1.GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF HOW

STRUCTURE IS RELATED TO FUNCTION.

2.GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF YHE

ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL IN LIVING
THINGS.
THANK YOU!