Science q2 SSC Class

Introduction
Biology is the study of living things. It encompasses the cellular basis of living things, the
energy metabolism that underlies the activities of life, and the genetic basis for inheritance in
organisms. Biology also includes the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms and
the diversity of life on Earth. It considers the biology of microorganisms, plants, and animals,
for example, and it brings together the structural and functional relationships that underlie their
day-to-day activities. Biology draws on the sciences of chemistry and physics for its
foundations and applies the laws of these disciplines to living things. Biology is the natural
science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical
processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution.
Despite the complexity of the science, certain unifying concepts consolidate it into a single,
coherent field. Biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of
heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the creation and extinction of species. Living
organisms are open systems that survive by transforming energy and decreasing their local
entropy to maintain a stable and vital condition defined as homeostasis.
Sub-disciplines of biology are defined by the research methods employed and the kind of
system studied: theoretical biology uses mathematical methods to formulate quantitative
models while experimental biology performs empirical experiments to test the validity of
proposed theories and understand the mechanisms underlying life and how it appeared and
evolved from non-living matter about 4 billion years ago through a gradual increase in the
complexity of the system.
"Biology" derives from the Ancient Greek words of βίος; romanized bíos meaning "life"
and -λογία; romanized logía (-logy) meaning "branch of study" or "to speak". Those combined
make the Greek word βιολογία; romanized biología meaning biology. Despite this, the term
βιολογία as a whole didn't exist in Ancient Greek. The first to borrow it was the English and
French (biologie). Historically there was another term for "biology" in English, lifelore; it is
rarely used today.
Week 1-2
UNIT JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP. Page 1
II
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT- 3RD YEAR -ENGLISH
MAJOR IN ENGLISH
ENGLISH 7
LIVING THINGS and THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Lesson 2.1- Organization of Human Life
OVERVIEW
Everything that people see, touch, taste and smell is matter. Matter is made up
of basic building blocks called elements. Matter, in its varied forms, has atoms, the
smallest particle. Several atoms combine to form a molecule. The molecules formed
may be extremely small, large or complex, and with their chemical arrangement and
interactions, they serve as the building blocks of life. They forms cells that give life,
which make humans live. Biological molecules form cells; cells form tissues; tissues for
organs; several organs for species; species form populations; populations interact with
the environment to form biosphere.
This lesson discusses the physical and chemical bases of life. This explains the
structural organization of the cell and describes how the cell carries on the basic life
processes.
What you are expected to learn:

1. S7LT-IIa- 1 Identify parts of the microscope and their functions.
2. S7LT-IIa- 1 Focus specimens using the compound microscope.
CONTENT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
 The learners demonstrate understanding of  The learners should be able to employ

parts and functions of the compound appropriate techniques using the compound
microscope microscope to gather data about very small
objects
JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.

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LESSON COVERAGE:
 Hierarchical order of humans

 Origin of life
 The microscope
 The cell theory
Cells make an organism. There is no life

without cells. Living organisms are organized in a
hierarchical order starting from cells which are
formed from atoms to tissues, to organ, to organ
system, to an organism. These organisms are
composed of parts that are organized to perform
certain function.
Hierarchical order of
human
a. Atom
b. Molecule
c. Cell
d. Tissue
e. Organ
f. Organ system
Types of Organisms
Organisms are classified into two types:
1. Unicellular organisms
are single- celled organisms that function and survive more or less independently, through
colonial forms with cells living together. They can move from one place to another. They can
survive on their own as they can ingest, absorb and digest food, and use the energy they obtained
for reproduction, growth, and development. They have cells known prokaryotic cells.
Example: bacteria, amoeba, paramecium
2. Multicellular organisms
Are organisms that are composed of more than one cell. Multicellular organisms are usually
made of cells that have a nucleus called eukaryotic cells.
Example: plants, animals and human beings
ORIGIN OF LIFE

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Several theories have attempted to explain the origin of life. The explanations to how life
originated make use of science discoveries and inventions. The microscope plays an important
role in explaining the origin of life, since it analyzes the data which are not seen by the naked
eye.
THEORY EXPLANATION
Divine Creation Life is created by God, or a
powerful deity in case of
animistic religion.
Cosmozoic A spore from outer planets

reached the Earth and started the
first form of life.
Eternity Since the beginning, there is

already life.
Abiogenesis Life originated from non-living

things.
Big Bang Life came about from the

explosion of a hot rotating gas.
THE MICROSCOPE
The microscope is the

instrument used to observe objects
not seen by the naked eye. It consists of a
lens or series of lenses to enlarge the
image of an object. A microscope (from
the Ancient Greek: μικρός, mikrós,
"small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look"
or "see") is an instrument used to
see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the science of investigating
small objects and structures using such an instrument. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless
aided by a microscope.
Parts of the MICROSCOPE
Revolving nosepiece
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The parts of a light microscope can be divided into optical or magnifying parts, illuminating
parts, and mechanical parts. The illuminating parts capture and provide light to the microscope.it
includes the mirror, condenser, and diaphragm. The optical
or magnifying parts are used to focus and magnify the object
being studied. It includes the eyepiece or ocular, and the
objectives. Lastly, the mechanical parts are the accessory
parts used to manipulate the optical parts and provide
support to the microscope. The base, pillar, arm, inclination
joint, stage, body tube, draw tube, revolving nosepiece, and
adjustment knobs belong to mechanical parts.
Study the table below to learn more about the parts and
functions of the microscope.
Compound microscope
First microscope invented
PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE FUNCTION/S
 OPTICAL/MAGNIFYING PARTS
OCULAR/ EYEPIECE The lens at the top of the microscope that you look
through. They eyepiece is usually 10x or 15x
power.
OBJECTIVE LENSES In general, the objectives give the relative
magnification of the microscope. The
magnification power is indicated at each side of
the objectives.
a. Low power objective (LPO) The LPO is used to focus the general view of the
specimen.
b. High power objective (HPO) This is used to have a sharper and detailed view of
a focused area of the specimen.
CONDENSER LENS The purpose of the condenser lens is to focus the
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light onto the specimen. Condenser lenses are
most useful at the highest
 ILLUMINATING PARTS
LIGHT SOURCE Any microscope that uses a source of light to
create an image of the specimen and, essentially
includes all compound and stereo microscopes.
DIAPHRAGM The diaphragm is used to regulate the amount of
the light reaching the specimen.
CONDENSER The condenser is used to focus the light from the
light source or mirror on to the specimen.
 MECHANICAL PARTS
COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB This is the knob on the side of the microscope that
moves the objective lens up and down. It is used in
conjunction with the fine focus.
FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB A knob used to fine-tune the focus of a specimen
in conjunction with the coarse focus.
REVOLVING NOSEPIECE A nosepiece with multiple objectives that revolves
in order to enable the viewer to use, typically, one
of four different objectives.
STAGE The platform on which slides and specimens are
placed for viewing.
INCLINATION POINT It is a curve shape that supports the body tube. It is
also used to hold the microscope.
STAGE CLIP Clips that are attached to the stage and retain the
slide.
ARM The part of the microscope that connects the
eyepiece tube to the base. Articulated Arm: Part of
a boom microscope stand, an articulated arm has
one or more joints to enable a greater variety of
movement of the microscope head and, as a result,
more versatile range of viewing options.
BASE A microscope is typically composed of a head or
body and a base. The base is the support
mechanism.
Now that you have learned the parts and functions of a compound microscope, it is time for you
to learn how to operate it.
How to Focus Your Microscope:
The proper way to focus a microscope is to start with the lowest power objective lens first and
while looking from the side, crank the lens down as close to the specimen as possible without touching
it. Now, look through the eyepiece lens and focus upward only until the image is sharp. If you can’t get
it in focus, repeat the process again. Once the image is sharp with the low power lens, you should be
able to simply click in the next power lens and do minor adjustments with the focus knob. If your
microscope has a fine focus adjustment, turning it a bit should be all that is necessary. Continue with
subsequent objective lenses and fine focus each time.
Click this link for the other information on how to focus specimens using the compound microscope:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eih6eDANf2c
THE CELL THEORY

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This is a theory that states the property and nature of cell. The three parts that make up the CELL
THEORY were gradually developed as a result of advancement in microscopy. The Cell Theory is one of the
foundations of biology.
1665 ROBERT HOOKE described a honeycomb – like network of “cellulae” in a cork

slice using a primitive compound microscope.
1833 ROBERT BROWN discovered the nucleus in plant cells.
FELIX DUJARDIN viewed living cells using a microscope, and observed the
presence of internal substance in al living cells.
1835
1838 MATTHIAS JACOB SCHLEIDEN concluded that all plant tissues are composed of
cells and that an embryonic plant arose from a single cell.
1839 THEODOR SCHWANN formulated that cells make up organisms and all organisms
and all organisms consist of one or more cells.
1855 RUDOLF VIRCHOW formulated that all cells arise from preexisting cells (theory of
Biogenesis). Virchow is the founder of cellular pathology.

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1932 The first electron microscope was developed. An electron microscope has a capacity
to magnify objects 10 million times.

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Now that you have learned the parts and functions of a compound microscope together with the
different theory about cell, let’s try this activity.
ACTIVITY 1
BE MY LABEL
Directions: Identify the parts of the microscope below. Choose your answer inside the box.
Eyepiece base arm body tube

revolving nosepiece objective coarse adjustment knob
stage clip Diaphragm light source fine adjustment knob

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ACTIVITY 2
THAT’S MY JOB!
Direction: Given the parts of the microscope in Column A, describe its function as mechanical,
illuminating and magnifying in Column B.
Column A Column B
Parts of the microscope Function
1. Objective
2. Coarse adjustment
3. Stage
4. Mirror
5. Diaphragm
6. Stage clip

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7. Body Tube
8. Eyepiece
9. Objective
10. Light Source
ACTIVITY 3 WORD BOX
Direction: Complete the paragraphs below with the parts of microscope listed inside the word box.
WORD BOX
Arm Diaphragm Inclination joint Mirror
Base Eyepiece Objectives Stage
Body Tube Fine Adjustment knob Microscope
The microscope consists of the three main parts: mechanical, illuminating, and magnifying
parts. Its mechanical parts provide support to all other parts of the microscope. The 1._____________
holds the objectives and the revolving nosepiece in place. The coarse adjustment knob allows the
movement of the tube upward or downward. On the other hand, the 2.________________brings the
specimen into sharp focus. The 3.________________ and the stage clips support and hold the specimen
in place. The 4.___________________ provides support to the microscope while the curved shape 5.
_________________ is used for holding the microscope when transporting. The 6. ____________
supports the microscope when it is in an inclined position.
The illuminating parts consists of the 7.________________ which allows light to pass through
the 8._________________ and controls the amount of light. The magnifying part include the
9._______________ which is a lens attached to the body tube. The specimens are magnified by the
10.____________________ which are classified into Scanner, Low Power Objective (LPO), High
Power Objective (HPO) and Oil immersion.
Week 3
LESSON
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT- 3 RD
YEAR -ENGLISH
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LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
OVERVIEW
Matter is basically made up of atoms which are organized into different

elements as you have learned earlier. These elements react and combined to forms
compounds. These compounds maybe simple, complex, or more complex but they
remain to be compounds. Note nonliving things stop at this level.
However, in with living things, from the compound level, they become
organized to form cells, the basic unit of life. This is the smallest entity that can be
called living. From this level, the other living levels are organized.
What are expected to learn:

1. S7LT-IIc- 3 Describe the different levels of biological organization from cell to biosphere.
CONTENT STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD
 The learners demonstrate  The learners should be able to employ

understanding of the different appropriate techniques using the
levels of biological organization compound microscope to gather data
about very small objects
Organization is one of the characteristic of living things. This means that living things are
made up of organized structures and grouped in a unique way that they create and maintain their living
condition. The different levels of organization are composed of: atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems, organisms, population, community, ecosystems or biomes, and the biosphere.
The different levels of biological organization are described and arranged below from lowest
or simplest to highest or complex unit.
Let’s start with the first level:
THE CELL LEVEL
The cell is the basic unit of the structure and function of a living things. There is nothing
smaller than a cell that one can considered as living. This is the simplest level in which structures can be
organized into a living condition. One celled organisms or the unicellular organisms like bacteria and
most protists are organized only at the cellular level. Each cell performs the tasks of carrying out life
processes. These processes are done by the different parts of the cells called organelles. Each organelles
performs specific job for the organism as a whole. All the tasks divided and take place inside each cell.
On the other hand, multicellular organisms like humans, plants, or animals are more complex. These
organisms exhibit a more complex organization in order to function. Nevertheless, their basic level of

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organization is still the cellular level. Unlike unicellular organisms, their cells exhibit specialization. It
means that they have different types of cells specialized to do a certain function.
For example, human body contains nerve cells for transmission of nerve impulses, muscle cells
for contraction, bone cell for support, epithelial cells for protection, and many more types of cells, each
of which performs a specialized function.
CELL
THE TISSUE LEVEL
A tissue is a group of cells that have the same structure and performs specific function. These
cells are organized to perform a more complex function. For example, a single red blood cell could
accomplish very little task. However, numerous red blood cells working together as a tissue can
transport oxygen to all parts of the body.
Other examples of tissues that can be found in humans and animals are: epithelial tissue which
is for protection, connective, tissue for support, vascular tissue for transport, muscular tissue for
contraction and movement and nervous tissue for transmission of nerve impulses to regulate all other
body functions. Plants also have different tissues function for protection, storage, and food making.
THE ORGAN LEVEL
Several tissues functioning together as a unit to perform a specific complex function is called
organ. For example, stomach is an organ. It consists of epithelial tissues, muscular tissues, nervous
tissues, vascular tissues, connective tissues, fibrous tissues, and many others. All these tissues perform
together for digestion of food. If any of these tissues failed to do their specific task, the organ would stop
functioning.
Plants have organs, too. The roots for anchorage and absorption of water, the stems for support
and conduction of food and water, leaves for photosynthesis, flowers for production of seeds, fruits for
protection of seeds, and the seeds for reproduction of new plants.

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THE ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
A group of organs working together to perform a specific function is referred as organ system.
The human digestive system is an example of an organ system.
In order to perform digestion and absorption of nutrients, several organs are needed. Among
these are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and rectum. Other organ systems in the
human body are the circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system, integumentary
system, skeletal system, reproductive system, nervous system, muscular system, and the endocrine
system.
ORGANISM LEVEL
The next level of biological organization is the organism itself. Organism is made up of one
cell (unicellular) or organ system (multicellular).
POPULATION LEVEL
Group of organisms of a certain species that operate or work together in a certain area referred
as population. Examples of populations are the lions in savanna, sunflower plants in a garden, and the
fishes in the sea.
Lions in savanna Sunflower in a garden

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COMMUNITY LEVEL
Different populations interacting and living together in a given area forms a community. Thus,
all the organisms thriving in a forest make up the forest community.
Community of fishes in an aquarium.
BIOME / ECOSYSTEM LEVEL
The totality of the different communities in a specific geographical area, including the biotic
and abiotic factors forms biome or ecosystem. A desert is considered a biome. This is because it
consists of a sand dune community, an oasis community, a sand plain community, and several others.
Other biomes include tropical rainforest, savannas, temperature deciduous forests, chaparral temperature
evergreen, temperate coniferous forest, tropical monsoon forest and tundra.
BIOSPHERE LEVEL
The Earth includes all living things is the biosphere. This is made up of all the biomes and
kinds of ecosystems on Earth. The biosphere is the highest level in biological organization.

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Example of LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION of a rat.
CELL ORGANISM
We are done in the different level of biological organization. You are ready for the following activities.
Good luck and have fun!

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ACTIVITY 1 WHERE DO I BELONG?
Direction: Study the pictures with the descriptions below. Determine the level of biological
organization to which each picture belongs.
(Number 1 is done for you.)
1. 2.
Although digestive systems take many forms The skin is the largest organ of the
in organisms throughout the world, the main integumentary system. It protects the
function of digestion is to break down food so underlying muscles, bones, and organs as
that it can be used for energy by the body. well contributing to heat regulation and
sensory perception.
1. Organ system 2. ___________________________
3. 4.
A community or group of living organisms Different populations that live together in a

that live in and interact with each other in a defined area.
specific environment.

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3.___________________________ 4. ___________________________
5. 6.
A human body comprises of various organ Group of organisms of one type that live in
systems working together. the same area.
5. ___________________________ 6. ___________________________
7. 8.
Epithelial tissue is located on the very outside

They help to move, support and protect the of an organism (i.e. skin) as well as in the
body as well as producing red and white lining of hollow organs such as bladder. It
blood cells. purposes include protection and secretion.
7. ___________________________ 8. ___________________________
ACTIVITY 2 DRAW AND TELL
Direction: Make your own levels of biological organization from cell to organisms. After creating
your own kindly define each level with your own word. Your drawing will be graded using a
rubric.
Rubrics Points
Organization of content 10 pts
Cleanliness of work 5 pts
Creativity 5 pts
Total 20 pts

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Week 4
DIVERSITY OF CELLS
L LESSON
2.3
OVERVIEW
The cell is the basic structural unit of life. All living organisms, regardless of
size and form are composed of cells. Some organisms are made up of only one cell.
For example, a paramecium or a bacterium has only one cell. However, others have
trillions of cells just like humans.
Using the microscope, we can have observed different prepared slides of plants
and animals and you can be amazed at the different cells you can saw.
What
you are expected to learn:
1. S7LT-IIc- 3 Differentiate plant and animal cells according to presence or absence of certain
organelles.
2. S7LT-IIe- 5 Explain why the cell is considered the basic structural and functional unit of all
organisms
CONTENT STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD
 The learners demonstrate  The learners should be able to

understanding of difference between employ appropriate techniques using
animal and plant cells the compound microscope to gather
data about very small objects
LESSON COVERAGE:
1. Parts and function of a cell

2. Different organelles of the cell
3. Other specialized structure of the cell
4. Plant cell vs. Animal cell
THE CELL THEORY
Theodore Schwann, a zoologist and Matthias Schleiden, a botanist formulated the cell theory
based on their separate studies on animals and plants
respectively. At present the cell theory is summarized as
follows:
 All living things are made up of one or

more cells.
 Cells are the basic structural unit of living
things.
 All cells come from pre – existing cells.

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PARTS AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL
There are three main parts of the cell, the cell membrane, the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane also called plasma membrane, is thin, flexible, and semipermeable outer
covering of the cell. It is made up of two layers of phospholipids and proteins randomly scattered in the
phospholipid bilayer. It separates the cytoplasm (the
contents of the cell) from the external environment. It is
a feature of all cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm refers to the fluid that fills the cell, which includes the cytosol along with filaments,
proteins, ions and macromolecular structures as well as the organelles suspended in the cytosol. The gel
– sol consistency of the cytoplasm is significant for the
regulated transport materials inside the cell.
Organelles and other specialized structures of the
cell are suspended in cytoplasm.
Nucleus
The nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a
membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotes usually have a single nucleus, but a
few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including
osteoclasts have many. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double
membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm; and
the nuclear matrix (which includes the nuclear lamina), a network within the nucleus that adds
mechanical support, much like the cytoskeleton supports the cell as a whole.
The nuclear envelope, also known as the nuclear membrane, is made up of two lipid bilayer
membranes which in eukaryotic cells surrounds the nucleus, which encases the genetic material.
The nucleus serves as the director of the cell.
It controls all the other functions of the cell. This is
because it contains the DNA material or the genes which
serves as the template for functional processes occurring
inside the cell.

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The Different Organelles of the Cell.
Organelles Function/s
Vacuoles A vacuole is an organelle in cells which functions

to hold various solutions or materials. It is the
storage of food,water or wastes.
Lysosomes ( suicide sacs) A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle

that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are
involved with various cell processes. They break
down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be
used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. If
the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can
help it to self-destruct in a process called
programmed cell death, or apoptosis.
Mitochondrion ( plural : mitochondria) Mitochondrion, membrane-bound organelle found

in the cytoplasm of almost all eukaryotic cells
(cells with clearly defined nuclei), the primary
function of which is to generate large quantities of
energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP).
Endoplasmic Reticulum It is continuous membrane system that forms a

series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm of
eukaryotic cells and serves multiple functions,
being important particularly in the synthesis,
folding, modification, and transport of proteins .
Golgi bodies The Golgi apparatus is responsible for

transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins
and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted
destinations.
Plastids Plastids are primarily involved in the manufacture

and storage of food. They are therefore involved in
such processes as photosynthesis, synthesis of
amino acids and lipids as well as storage of various
materials among a few other functions.

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Other Specialized Structure of the Cell
Ribosomes - One of the essential cell organelles are ribosomes, which are in
charge of protein synthesis.
Cell wall - It also gives the cell its shape and allows the organism to maintain a
certain shape overall. The cell wall can also provide protection from pathogens
such as bacteria that are trying to invade the cell.
Cytoskeleton - The cytoskeleton organizes the cell and keeps the cell’s
organelles in place, but it also aids in the movement of organelles throughout the cell.
Centrioles – centrioles are organized micro tubular structures. They are found in
animal cells. Centrioles are activated during cell division where they initiate the formation and
movement of spindle fibers during division.
Cilia and flagella – are locomotory structures of some cells which are both
made up of microtubules. Cilia are shorter in length as compared to flagella.
ANSWER THIS!!!!
TASK 1 : Guess the RIDDLE!
What is present in a CALL but not in a BALL; it is present in a WELL but not in WALL;
and is mostly seen twice in ALL.
Answer: _____________________
QUESTION: After guessing the riddle and getting the right answer, in your own idea why is the cell
considered as the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms? Give two (2) reasons.
1.__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
____________________________________________________________________
2.__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

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PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTES
Living organisms can be classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. This lesson will also show the
difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotes organisms lack nucleus and
membrane – bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts in their cells. They are usually one –
celled organisms such as bacteria.
On the other hand, eukaryotic organisms have cells with true nucleus and membrane – bound
organelles. These are unicellular organisms such as protists, and multicellular organisms such as
animals, plants, and fungi. The following table shows the difference between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes.
Examples of Prokaryotes Examples of Eukaryotes
1 Escherichia coli bacterium 1. Plants

2 Streptococcus bacterium 2. Animals
3 Sulfolobus acidocaldarius archeobacterium 3. Protists
4 streptococcus pyogenes 4. fungi
5 lactobacillus acidophilus
6 Cyanobacteria
7 archaea
Points of Differences Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
NUMBER OF CELLS Unicellular Unicellular and multicellular
ORGANELLES Absent Present
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Absent Present
Absent but has a nucleoid Present

region where the DNA is
NUCLEUS located
CHEMICAL DNA DNA and histones

COMPOSITION OF
CHROMOSOMES
NUMBER OF One Two or more

CHROMOSOMES
THE PLANT CELL
A plant cell has almost the same

organelles with that of an animal cell but there are
organelles that are found only in plant cell.

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What is a plant cell?
Plant cell contain nucleus along with other organelles. However, there are organelles which are
distinct and can be found only in plant cells as emphasized in the picture.
Contains
pigments
such as
chlorophyll
which is
needed for
photosynthes
is and gives Adds
plant its covering for
green plants which
appearance. provides
support,
protection
and shape to
the cell.
THE ANIMAL CELL
An animal cell is a eukaryotic cell, which contains nucleus and other membrane – bound “little
organs” called organelles that perform different functions inside the cell as discussed in the parts and
function of the cell above.
Animal cell are found within every animal. They are of different sizes for which the largest
known animal cell is the ostrich egg that can stretch over 5.1 inches across and weigh about 1.4
kilograms. Nerve cells, on the other hand, are too small to be visible without the use of microscope.
Animal cell also have irregular shapes. They are different from other cells because they do not
have cell wall. Also, the most distinct organelle found only in animal cell is centriole which is a tube
like structure that aids the cell division. It is generally found close to the nucleus and responsible for
separating the chromosomes during animal cell division.

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COMPARING PLANT CELL and ANIMAL CELL
Plant cell and animal cell are both eukaryotic. However, they have differences in some of their
structures which shows in the table below.
POINT OF DIFFERENCES PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
Cell wall Present Absent
Chloroplasts Present Absent
Centrioles Absent Present
Vacuoles Large Small
Reserved food Starch Glycogen
Now, you already know the different parts and function of cell, the difference between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, and also the difference between animal and plant cell.
Why the cell is considered the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms?

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Cells are considered the basic structural and functional unit of life because all the living
organisms are made up of cells and also all the functions taking place inside the body of organisms are
performed by cell, meaning without cell there is no life because cell is the basic unit of life.
ACTIVITY 1 “WORD HUNT”
Directions: Form a word based on the numbers corresponding to the letters in the alphabet inside the
box below. A description of the organelle is provided for you to easily come up with name of the
organelles. Write your answer on the space provided.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 13 14 1 16 1 18 19 2 21 22 23 2 25 26
2 5 7 0 4
EXAMPLE:
Description: The basic unit of life Answer: CELL

Code: 3-5-12-12
1. DESCRIPTION: Controls the activities of the cell. _____________________
CODE: 14-21-3-12-5-21-19
2. DESCRIPTION: Gives the cell its shape _____________________
CODE: 3-5-12-12 13-5-13-2-18-1-14-5

3. DESCRIPTION: Jelly-like fluid where the organelles are located. ________________
CODE: 3-25-20-15-16-12-1-19-13
4. DESCRIPTION: Manufacturer of proteins within the cell. _________________
CODE: 18-9-2-15-19-15-13-5-19
5. DESCRIPTION: Powerhouse of the cell _____________________
CODE: 13-9-20-15-3-8-15-14-4-18-9-15-14
ACTIVITY 2 COMPLETE ME!
Directions: Using the descriptions as clue, complete the words below by filling in the missing letters.
WORDS DESCRIPTIONS
1. _UCL_US It controls all the activities of the cell.
2. CY_OPL_ _ M It is where all the organelles are located.
3. V_CUOL _ It holds water, food and waste materials.

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4. CH_ ORO_ LAS _ It is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
5. CELL WA_ _ It provides support, protection, and shape to

the plant.
ACTIVITY 2 COMPARE ME!
Directions: Compare and contrast plant and animal cells by filling in the Venn diagram with the
organelles listen in the box below. The common organelles must be written in the overlapping are (C),
while the differences are in the non- overlapping areas (A) and (B).
Cell wall Centrioles Chloroplast Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi body Lysosome Mitochondria
Nucleus Plasma Membrane Ribosomes Vacuole
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

(A) (B)
DIFFERENCES DIFFERENCES
SIMILARITIES
(C)

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Week 5
L
REPRODUCTION: SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL
LESSON
2.4
Overview
Living things grow and reproduce. Reproduction on living things can either be by
sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction. Growth happens due to formation of new
cells. New cells increase in number due to cell division.
This lesson explains how sexual and asexual reproduction take place.

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What are expected to learn:
1.S7LT-IIg- 7 - Differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction in terms of:
a. Number of individuals involved;
b. Similarities of offspring to parents
Content standard: Performance standard:
 The learners demonstrate understanding  The learners should be able to employ

of reproduction being both sexual and appropriate techniques using the compound
asexual. microscope to gather data about very small
objects
Lesson coverage:
1. Differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.

2. Types of sexual reproduction.
3. Types of asexual reproduction.
Living organisms reproduce in varied ways. Simple organisms like bacteria and protists
reproduce asexually while the more complex organisms reproduce sexually. However, there are
some organisms like mosses, ferns, and insects which exhibit both asexual and sexual
reproduction. The table below shows the differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.
This will allow you to understand why organisms look exactly the same with their parents, while
there are some which show differences or variations from their parents.
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Asexual reproduction is the creation of new organism from a single parent without
combination of gametes. Therefore, the parent and the resulting offspring have the same genes and
this is the reason why they have the same traits. In other words, the offspring are identical to each
other. Asexual reproduction requires less energy since no mating is needed but can produce many
offspring at one reproductive cycle.
Below is a table showing the different modes of asexual reproduction, its description and
examples, number of parents involved and the characteristics of offspring.
MODES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS
MODES OF ASEXUAL DESCRIPTION NO. OF CHARACTERISTICS

REPRODUCTION PARENTS OF OFFSPRING
INVOLVED
1. SPORE FORMATION Parent plant

produces hundreds of
tiny spores which
can grow into new 1 Identical to parent’s
plants.

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Ex. traits
Bread,,old, fern
plants
2. BUDDING An outgrowth called

a bud grows and
develops from the
parent animal and
would eventually
separate to become a
new individual.
1 Identical to parent’s
Ex. traits
Coral, hydra,yeast
3. FISSON The parent divides in

half forming two
new individuals.
Ex.
traits
Sea anemone,
bacteria, amoeba
4. FRAGMENTATION New organisms grow

from a fragment of
the parent.
Ex.
Planaria, Cnidarians
traits
5. REGENERATION When an organism

replaces or repairs a
lost damaged part of
the body. 1 Identical to parent’s
traits
Ex.
Starfish, Lobster
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION is a mode of asexual reproduction in plants where a new

plant can be form from the root, stem, or leaf of an existing plant. Study and understand the plant parts
used in vegetative propagation, their descriptions and examples found in the table below.

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TYPES DESCRIPTION NO. OF CHARACTERISTICS
PARENTS OF OFFSPRING
INVOLVED
1. RUNNERS/STOLON An aboveground stem

that grows horizontally
along the surface when
the stem touches the
ground; buds from the
stem forms roots and 1 Identical to parent’s
leaves, and a new plants traits
develops.
Ex.
Bermuda grass,
Strawberry.
2. RHIZOMES An underground stem that
grows horizontally along
the surfaces; shoots from
buds at nodes of the stem
develop into a new plant.
Ex. 1 Identical to parent’s
Ginger (Luy-a) traits
3. TUBERS A new plant is formed

from an enlarged and
thickened underground
stem with buds or eye.
Ex.
Potato (Patatas) 1 Identical to parent’s
traits
4. BULB A buld is an underground

stem with thick and
fleshy colorless leaves;
can reproduce several
smaller bulbs, each of
which can grow into a 1 Identical to parent’s
new plant traits
Ex.
Onion (Sibuyas)
5. CORM A corm is an enlarged,
short underground stem
that sores food; resembles
buld does not have thick,
fleshy leaves. New corms
develop from the stem of 1 Identical to parent’s
an old corm to produce traits
new plants.
Ex.
Taro (Gabi)
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction that involves two parents. Humans (and all
animals that reproduce sexually) have reproductive cells called gametes. Gametes are formed during
meiosis, in the form of sperm (produce within the testes of males) or eggs (produce within the ovaries of

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females). Under favorable conditions sperm and egg unite in a process known as fertilization. As
shown in figure 1 below, the resulting fertilized egg or zygote, contains genes from both parents. Hence,
the offspring have unique combinations of genes. Offspring of sexual reproduction differs genetically
from their parents and species extinction is unlikely occur.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
The flower serves as the reproductive organ in flowering plants. They have the structures that
produce the gametes necessary for reproduction, the male and female gametes.
A typical complete flower and its reproductive structures.

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for support and for attracting insects for Corolla – consists of one or more petals
Peduncle – stalk that attaches the flower to the
pollination stem
Receptacle - bulging extensions of the pedicel.
2. Reproductive/ Essential parts - Stamen - male reproductive part of the flower.
1. Filament – stalk
contain the male and female parts of the 2. Anther – produces the pollen
flower. Pistil – the female reproductive part of the flower
1. Stigma – expanded tip of the style and is
usually sticky which receive the pollen
grains.
2. Style – stalk which supports the stigma
3. Ovary – bears the ovules which will later
become seeds.
TYPES OF ANIMAL FERTILIZATION
TYPES DESCRIPTION
There are different ways in which

fertilization takes place. If the sperms and ova
are release outside the parents and fusion of
these gametes occur in the environment, then
the fertilization is considered external. This is
common in lower organisms like corals and
sponges. In vertebrates, most fishes and some
amphibians like the frog exhibit external
fertilization.
EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION When frogs mate, they release the eggs

and sperms in the water. Fertilization of the frog
eggs occur in the water.
INTERNAL FERTILIZATION In internal fertilization occurs when the

sperms or male gametes are introduced into the
body particularly in the reproductive tract of the
female organisms in order to fuse with the ova
or eggs.
This kind of fertilization is exhibited by
most land animals, both invertebrates and
vertebrates including man. The sperms are
normally provided with a fluid environment
such as seminal fluid so that the sperms can
swim through the female reproductive ducts to
fertilize the ova or eggs and form a zygote. Once
fertilization occurs, the zygote is either enclosed
in a protective shell and released in the
environment by the female organisms or held
within the females’ body for the entire
embryonic stages to be completed.
 Organisms that lay their fertilized eggs
outside the environment are called
oviparous organisms, Examples: most
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reptiles, like lizards, some amphibians
(frogs), birds and few mammals.
 While those that hold their embryos

inside their womb for the entire duration
of the embryonic development are called
viviparous organisms.
 Ovoviviparous eggs complete their

development within the mother’s body.
Example: bony fish(bangus)
COMPARING SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
POINTS OF DIFFERENCES ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Number of parent organism One parent Two parent organisms
Genetic composition of Identical with the parent Combined from two parent
offspring organisms
Appearance of the Identical with the parent Combination of parent’s

offspring/child characteristics but not exactly
alike either of two parents.
Cells involved in reproduction Body cells Gametes or reproductive cells.
Advantages Produces many organisms in a Result to variation of

short period of time. organisms that are able to
survive with a changing
Saves energy environment.
Disadvantage All resulting organisms are Since organisms have varying

alike, thus their strengths and strengths and weaknesses,
weaknesses may be the same. their survival rate is high
Due to lack of variation among which may lead to imbalance in
organisms, the entire nature.
population may be eradicated
if the environment becomes
unstable or unfavorable.

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ACTIVITY 1 SEXUAL VS. ASEXUAL!
Direction: In the following statements, identify the type of reproduction as sexual or asexual. Write
your answer on the space before the number.
________________1. Two different types of sex cells unite to form a zygote.
________________2. The characteristics of the offspring are like those of the parent.
________________3. Internal fertilization is necessary.
________________4. The new individual may have been a part of the body of a single parent.
_______________5. The union of a sperm cell and an egg cell results in a zygote.
ACTIVITY 2
DESCRIBE ME!
Directions: Describe the animals based on the characteristics listed in the table below. For those student
don’t have printed modules kindly copy the table below and write your answer on the appropriate
column. (An example is done for you.)
CHARACTERISTICS
Cow Frog Man Milkfish Duck
1. Types of
reproduction Sexual
(sexual/asexual)
2. Breeding Place Land

(water/land)
3. Types of Internal
fertilization
(internal/
external)
4. Development of Inside the
embryo embryo
(inside the body/
outside the body)
5. Numbers of Two
parent involved
(one/two)
6. Characteristics Genetically
of the offspring Different
(genetically from the
identical to the parents.
parents/
genetically
different from the
parents)

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Week 6-7
ECOSYSTEM AND ITS ECOLOGICAL

Lesson RELATIONSHIP
2.5
Overview
What
Living organisms can never exist alone. They are always interdependent. are
They interact with one another, making up an ecosystem.
Different ecological relationships are discussed in this lesson, as well as the
collective actions of the ecological community for the preservation of the
ecosystem.
expected to learn:
1. S7LT-IIh- 9 Differentiate biotic from abiotic components of an ecosystem.

2. S7LT-IIh- 10 Describe the different ecological relationships found in an ecosystem
3. S7LT-IIj- 12 Predict the effect of changes in abiotic factors on the ecosystem
Content Standard Performance Standard
 The learners demonstrate  The learners should be able to employ

understanding of organisms appropriate techniques using the
interacting with each other and with compound microscope to gather data
their environment to survive about very small objects
Lesson Coverage:
1. Components of the ecosystem:
A. Biotic components
B. Abiotic components
Ecology is the study of the various relationships between living organisms and their environment.
The environment of an organism can be classified into two categories: non-living environment (abiotic)
and living environment (biotic).
As mentioned in your previous science lesson, ecosystem is one of the levels in the biological
organization that is composed of all communities in a certain area, including the nonliving things occurs.
BIOTIC ENVIRONMENT
It refers to all living organisms in a habitat. In any habitat, there is always more than one kind
of organism. Organisms that belong to the same species and live in the same place form a population.
When these various populations live together and interact with one another in the same habitat, a
community is formed.
An ecosystem consists of communities of living organisms interacting with one another and with
their physical environment. The Earth is one big ecosystem called biosphere.

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Organisms interact with each other and their environment to meet their basic needs, and live.
However, some interactions are beneficial and some are harmful. There are also interactions in which
population of organisms are neither benefited nor harmed. All of these take place in an ecosystem.
An ecosystem consists of a group of living organisms and the physical biotic environment and
the physical and chemical environments are the biotic environment.
BIOTIC COMPONENTS
Organisms that make up the living, or biotic, components of an ecosystem are usually grouped
as producers, consumers and decomposers, based on how they get their food or organic nutrients they
need to survive. The different basic components of an ecosystem are summarized below.
Biotic components Description Examples

Producers Producers are the living  Green plants (such as
(Authotrophs) organisms that are capable of trees, crops and
manufacturing their own food grasses)
through the process of  Phytoplankton (found
photosynthesis or in water)
chemosynthesis. They are
considered as autotrophs.
Consumers Organisms that cannot make  Herbivores – goat
(Heterotrophs) their own food.  Carnivores – cat
It is classified according to  Omnivores – humans
their food habits: primary
(herbivores) and secondary
(carnivores/omnivores).
Herbivores or the plant-eaters
are organisms that feed on
plants such as cows, horses,
goat, and others. Carnivores or
flesh-eaters are those that feed
only on the other animals
which include lions, snakes
and many others. Lastly, the
omnivores which are
organisms that feed on both
plants and animals, examples
are humans, chickens and
many more.
Decomposers Decomposers are organisms  Bacteria

(Detritus) considered as saprotrophs  Fungi
such as bacteria and fungi that
feed on dead organic matter.
They also breakdown complex
organic materials into simpler
forms which go back to the
environment as nutrients that
can be used by the other
organisms. Decomposer play a
big role in the cycling of
materials in the ecosystem.
ABIOTIC/ PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

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It depends on the place where an organism lives – its habitat. Every habitat has its own physical
conditions. These physical conditions determine the types of organisms that will live there. Some
organisms have special features that help them live in their habitat. The abiotic components of the
ecosystem include the non-living things in the environment that may affect the biotic factors. They are
factors like water, air, temperature, sunlight, and soil.
The non – living components or abiotic, which includes the various physical and chemical
factors have important role in the survival of the living organism in an ecosystem. The following
components are briefly defined.
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS OF ECOSYSTEM
Abiotic Components Description

Water  Dissolve other  Water current
substances  Salinity
 Carries nutrients in cell.  Level of water
 Dissolved oxygen
 Turbidity
Sunlight  Main source of energy  Sunlight and shade
that sustains life on
Earth
 Plays an important role
in plants and other in
photosynthetic
organisms in the
production of food and
oxygen gas.
Air  Mixture of oxygen  Air in soil
(O2), Carbon dioxide  Humidity
(CO2), Nitrogen (N2),  Presence of pollutants
Hydrogen (H2) and
other gasses.
Soil  Made up of small  Soil moisture
particles of rock mixed  Soil nutrients
with decomposed living  Nature of soil
things like animals.
 Source of water and
nutrients for plant
growth and
development.
Temperature  A measure of the  Air temperature
degree of hotness or  Water temperature
coldness in the  Soil temperature
environment influenced
by sunlight.
The abiotic components of the ecosystem include the nonliving

things in the environment that may affect the biotic factors. They are
factors like water, air, temperature, soil, light and salinity. Both biotic and
abiotic factors are related to each other in an ecosystem, and if one factor is
changed or removed, it can affect the entire ecosystem. Abiotic factors are
especially important because they directly affect how organisms survive.

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The table below enumerates the comparison between abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems.
Abiotic components Biotic components

Inorganic matter Organic matter
Without life With life
Non – living things Living things
Sunlight Plants
Temperature Animals
Nutrients Bacteria/viruses
Humidity Fungi
Soil Protists
EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN THE ABIOTIC FACTORS ON THE ECOSYSTEM
Mask? Faceshield? Alcohol? Personal Protective Equipment or PPE? Out of stocks! Not
available! Those were common lines heard during the first phase of Coronavirus disease or Covid – 19
health crises as it hits the country early March of 2020.
True to the situation, there is a cause and effect relationship. We will focus on the three
important abiotic factors (soil, water and air) and the possible effects when these life – giving resources
are changed.
Causes of change in the Abiotic Factors on the Ecosystem
1. Air Pollution
Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of
humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. Both human activity and
natural processes can generate air pollution.
2. Soil Pollution
Soil pollution is defined as the presence of toxic chemicals (pollutants or contaminants) in

soil, in high enough concentrations to pose a risk to human health and/or the ecosystem.

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3. Water Pollution
Water pollution is the release of substances into bodies of water that makes water unsafe for
human use and disrupts aquatic ecosystems. Water pollution can be caused by a plethora of different
contaminants, including toxic waste, petroleum, and disease-causing microorganisms.
Changes in the Abiotic Factors on the Ecosystems
Change in abiotic factors may cause problems for the organisms. The table below summarizes
some of the effects when abiotic factors are changed.
Causes and effects of a change in the abiotic factors in the ecosystem
Cause Effects
Air pollution Damage to human health, plants, aquatic
life and materials.
Extreme atmospheric heat
Water pollution Diseases from infectious organisms
carried by the water like cholera,
dysentery and amoebiasis.
Growth of plankton (small plant and
animal life in bodies of water like lakes
and seas), resulting to less dissolved
oxygen which may threaten he water
organisms
Toxic chemicals carried by the water
making it harmful for both biotic and
abiotic organisms in water.
Soil Pollution Soil contamination by excess salts and
water
Soil contamination by hazardous wastes.
The Earth’s natural processes work fine as long as it is not disrupted by overloading them with
harmful chemicals or by removing too many important chemicals for living organisms. An increase or
decrease of these abiotic factors has an impact on organisms living on Earth. Despite having adaptive
abilities to suit with the kind of ecosystems organisms are dwelling, a change in any of these
components limits reproduction and survival rate. Therefore, organisms must cope with the change in
order to survive.

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ACTIVITY 1 NAME ME!
Directions: Name at least five (5) living things and five (5) non – living things that you can find in the
illustration below. Write the answer below.
Living things Non – living things

1. _______________ 1. _______________
2. _______________ 2. _______________
3. _______________ 3. _______________
4. _______________ 4. _______________
5. _______________ 5. _______________
ACTIVITY 2 DESCRIBE ME!
Direction: Given the following descriptions, tell whether the underlined word/s describes the
abiotic or biotic components of the ecosystem. Write your answer on the table. (Number 1 is given
as an examples.)
1. Bacteria in water Biotic

2. Oxygen gas in the air
3. Earthworms in the garden.
4. Temperature of water
5. Sandy soil
6. Grasses in my lawn
7. Level of water
8. Air in the soil
9. A caterpillar eating the leaves of the plants
10. Ferns attached on tree trunk.

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ACTIVITY 3 ECO – FRIENDS!
Directions: |Refer to the pictures below, describe the interaction between BIOTIC and ABIOTIC
components in each ecosystem. Write your answer on the space provided. (Number 1 is given as an
example.)
1. Flower in a pot
Answer:
1. Biotic: Plants
Abiotic: Pot
Interaction:
The plants need soil. The soil contains
nutrients and water necessary for plant growth and
development.
2. The Sunrise
2. Biotic: ____________________
Abiotic: ____________________
Interaction:
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
___________________________
3. A flowering plant
3. Biotic: ____________________
Abiotic: ____________________
Interaction:
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
___________________________

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ACTIVITY 4 PREDICT ME!
Direction: Read the situation carefully and answer the questions below. Write your answer on the space
provided.
Situation: In some rural area or barangays, the community people usually wash their dirty clothes with
soaps and detergents in the rivers. Predict what will happen to the river ecosystem if there is constant
pouring or throwing of soaps and detergents directly into the water.
Questions:
1. What would be the possible problem that may be rise due to the practice of throwing soaps
and detergents into the river after washing?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What would be the possible effects of the changes in the river ecosystem? Cite at least three
(3) effects.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Suggest ways to lessen the effects of the changes in the river ecosystem.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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Week 7
ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN THE ECOSYSTEM
There are different kinds of ecosystems around us. In these ecosystems, there are also different
kinds of organisms. These organisms interact with each other to meet their basic needs in order to
survive.
Some interactions are beneficial while others are harmful. There are also interactions in which
populations of organisms, as well as in maintaining the balance of ecosystem.
In an ecosystem living organisms interact with one another in many ways. This interaction
among biotic factors is called as ecological relationship. Symbiosis is one example of ecological
relationship which refers to a close association between two different species. In this type of interaction,
at least one organism benefits while other may be injured, unaffected, or also benefited.
SPECIES INTERACTIONS:
1. Symbiosis
An interaction in which there is a close relationship between members of the population.

There are different types of symbiotic relationship.
Types of symbiosis Examples

1. Parasitism - only one organism benefits in
terms of growth and development (parasite) and
there is one being harmed (host).
2. Commensalism - one is benefited yet the

other is unharmed. For example:
3. Mutualism – both species benefited in terms

of growth and reproduction.
2. Predation
Predation is an ecological interaction that involves an organism that kills and eats other organisms. The
predator is the one that kills while the prey is the organism that is being killed. Examples of predation
includes a lion that kills a zebra for its food and a snake that feeds on rats. For example:
The cat is the predator and the rat is the prey.

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3. Scavenging
Scavengers are organism that feed on the tissues of dead organisms. Good examples of scavenging
animals are the vultures, hyenas, and wolves. For example:
4. Saprophytism
Saprophytes are organisms like mushrooms that live and get its nourishment from dead
organisms or decaying organic matter. The saprophytes play a big role in decomposition and nutrient
cycling in the ecosystem. For example, mushroom in a branch of tree.
5. Competition
Competition is a negative interaction among organisms. It occurs when these organisms require
the same resources limited. Resources can be food, space, water, light and others.
There are two types of competition, one is intraspecific competition where organisms
belonging to the same species compete for the same resources.
The other one is interspecific competition where two or more species compete for the same
resources in the ecosystem. For example:
ACTIVITY 1
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DESCRIBE ME!
Directions: Describe the relationship that exists between and among organisms as shown in the picture
below. Write your answer on the space provided.
`
Questions:
1. What is the relationship is shown between the cogon and the corn grasses?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. What important resources are they competing for?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What would happen to the corn plants if more cogon grasses grow?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2 PHOTO COLLAGE
Directions: Make a photo collage of different relationship in the ecosystem by cutting out pictures and
pasting it on used albums or any recycled papers. Your work will be graded using the rubric below.
Rubric for the Photo Collage
Category Excellent Very good Good Fair

20 15 10 5
Concept/ Idea Concept or idea is Concept or idea is Concept or idea is Concept or idea
very cleat and clear and incomplete. does not relate to
understandable. understandable. the topic.
Organization Information is Information is Information is The information
very organized organized with organized but not organized.
with clear titles titles and labels. lacking titles and
and labels. labels.
Presentation The poster is very The poster is The poster is The poster is not
attractive, very attractive, well attractive, attractive and not
well organized organized and organized but organized.
and neat. neat. messy.
References

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 Espino M.(2013). Amazing Science 7.Quezon City: St. Bernadette Publishing House
Corporation
 Ching,J,Ph.D (2013).Connecting Science: A Progressive Approach 7, Quezon City: St.
Bernadette Publishing House Corporation
 Madamba,J (2016). Experiencing Science: An activity-based Work text for Grade 7, Manila:
Innovative Educational Materials,Inc.
 Villamar,R.Jr.,Torres,M. (2015). Science: Conforming To The Globalized Trends In Education
&, Quezon City: Sta. Teresa Publications, Inc.
 Datukan,J., Garcia,G., Morales, M., Ocampo,C. (2017). Mixploring Science 7, Quezon City:
Vibal Group,Inc.
 Private Education Assistance Committee Learner’s Materials, Science 7
Online Resources
A flowering plants – Acessesd September 06,2021

https://www.google.com/search?
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How do earth's natural processes impact our lives - Acessesd September 06,2021
https://www.google.com/search?q=a+flowering+plant&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjAmZfay-
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Aml0M
https://www.ecmwf.int/en/about/media-centre/science-blog/2018/earth-surface-processes-human-
impact-and-predictability
Corn field with cogon grasses - Acessesd September 07, 2021

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Prepared by:
Recommending /Approval:
MS. SHARMAINE S. CASTILLO, LPT
Subject Teacher
MS.NERISSA S. DELOS REYES, MAEd, SMRIEdr
VP/ Basic Education Principal
Checked by:
Approved by:
MS. MAYBELL C. GONZALES, LPT

Module Coordinator DR. RAMON E. WOO, JR., CPA, DFRIEdr
Dean of Studies
MS. JERIECA LYKA S. RUBIO, LPT Noted by:

Head Teacher, Junior High School
DR.ROSALINA S. ANDAYA, Ed.D., DFRIEdr

President

Page 47
MAJOR IN ENGLISH
ENGLISH 7
Page 48
MAJOR IN ENGLISH
ENGLISH 7

Science q2 SSC Class

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Science q2 SSC Class

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Introduction

Lesson 2.1- Organization of Human Life

What you are expected to learn:

CONTENT STANDARDS PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 The learners demonstrate understanding of  The learners should be able to employ

JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.

 Hierarchical order of humans

Cells make an organism. There is no life

Organisms are classified into two types:

Example: bacteria, amoeba, paramecium

Example: plants, animals and human beings

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Cosmozoic A spore from outer planets

Eternity Since the beginning, there is

Abiogenesis Life originated from non-living

Big Bang Life came about from the

The microscope is the

Parts of the MICROSCOPE

PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE FUNCTION/S

How to Focus Your Microscope:

THE CELL THEORY

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1665 ROBERT HOOKE described a honeycomb – like network of “cellulae” in a cork

1833 ROBERT BROWN discovered the nucleus in plant cells.

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JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.

Eyepiece base arm body tube

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10. Light Source

ACTIVITY 3 WORD BOX

Matter is basically made up of atoms which are organized into different

What are expected to learn:

CONTENT STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD

 The learners demonstrate  The learners should be able to employ

Let’s start with the first level:

THE CELL LEVEL

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THE TISSUE LEVEL

THE ORGAN LEVEL

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Lions in savanna Sunflower in a garden

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Community of fishes in an aquarium.

BIOME / ECOSYSTEM LEVEL

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Good luck and have fun!

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A community or group of living organisms Different populations that live together in a

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Epithelial tissue is located on the very outside

ACTIVITY 2 DRAW AND TELL

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CONTENT STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD

 The learners demonstrate  The learners should be able to

1. Parts and function of a cell

THE CELL THEORY

 All living things are made up of one or

JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.

JOHN PAUL COLLEGE CORP.

Vacuoles A vacuole is an organelle in cells which functions

Lysosomes ( suicide sacs) A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle

Mitochondrion ( plural : mitochondria) Mitochondrion, membrane-bound organelle found