Lecture 8

TERRITORIAL VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATON
What is the most spoken
language in the world?
 Plan

1. Functional stylistics and dialectology.

2. Spread of English. English-based pronunciation standards
of English.
3. American-based pronunciation standards of English.
4. Accents of English outside UK and USA.
 1. Functional Stylistics and Dialectology
 Dialect // idiolect
 Accent
 Polyethnic language
 Monolingualism
 Bilingualism
 The standard language of the nation
 The received standard pronunciation.’ RP’
 Pidgin language
 A lingua franca
 2. Spread of English
English-Based Pronunciation Standards of English
 It is the national language of Great Britain, the USA, Australia, New Zealand
and Canada (part of it).
 English was originally spoken in England and south-eastern Scotland
 Then it was introduced into the greater part of Scotland and southern Ireland
 In the 17th and 18th centuries it was brought to North America (mainly from the
West of England).
 Later in the 18th and 19th centuries English was exported to Australia, New
Zealand and South Africa owing to the colonial expansion.
 English became wide-spread in Wales at about the same time
 Then in the 20th century American English began to spread in Canada, Latin
America, ,,,…. in other parts of the world
Nowadays two main types of English are spoken in the English-
speaking world: English English and American English.
NEW ENGLISHES
 Examples of Indian English ‘Hinglish’
Pronunciation of /ɔ/ as /o/
Pronunciation of /æ/ and /ɛ/ as /e/
"thin" would be realized as [t̪ʰɪn] instead of /θɪn/ for
North Indian speakers
Thus, wet and vet are often homophones.
Cinema hall (noun) a cinema
Do the needful
press person

Indian English uses the same British English spelling

 Examples of South African English ‘SAE’

tune and dune tend to be realised as [t͡ ʃʉːn] and [d͡ʒʉːn],

braai (barbeque) from Afrikaans
impimpi (police informant)
indaba (conference; meeting) from Zulu
kwela-kwela (taxi or police pick-up van)
Now-now, as in "I'll do it now-now". Likely borrowed from
the Afrikaans nou-nou
 Malaysian English ‘Manglish’
Malaysian English has a broad s, and words like "cab"
and "tab" have /ɛ/, rather than /æ/.
The 'th' fricatives (θ and ð) are pronounced as stops:
[t] for [θ] and [d] for [ð].
The 'd' at the end of the word is usually dropped. For
example, "cold", "hold" and "world" are pronounced
as /kəʊl/ (/koʊl/), /həʊl/ (/hoʊl/) and /wəːl/.
Flat – apartment- condominium
 Words used mainly in Malaysian English

Handphone – cellphone
Outstation- out of office
medical certificate = sick note
Already – just now

Spelling – universiti= university

3. American-Based Pronunciation
Standards of English American English
Vocabulary differences

AmE VS BrE
 4. Accents of English outside UK and USA

 1) It's typical of AuE speakers to shorten words p - 163

 mozzie = mosquito
 1. RP [i:] and [u:] (as in see, do) are heard as diphthongs, e.g. [i]
= [əi], [u:]
 [ai], especially in the word final position, = [oi], e.g. time = [toim],
high = [hoi]
 The omission of some consonants, especially [k], [t], [g], [h], e.g.
facts = [fæks],
CANADIAN ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION

so [ai] = [əi] and [au] =

[٨u] as in price, mouth, and pipe,
while, like, life, nice, out, south,
couch, etc
New Zealand English
Thank you