Chapter 9:

Multiple Access Techniques for Wireless Communicati

ons
Spread Spectrum Multiple Access
• SSMA uses signals which have a transmis
sion BW that is several orders of magnitud
e greater than the minimum required RF B
W.
• Provides immunity to multipath interferenc
e and robust multiple access capability.
• Efficient in multiple user environment.
• Two types- FHMA and DSMA (CDMA)
CDMA
 FEATURES
• CDMA system share the same frequency.
• There is no absolute limit on the no. Of us
ers.
• Multipath fading is reduced.
• Channel data rates are high
• The near-far problem occurs.
• Self-jamming is a problem
Space Division Multiple Access
• Controls the radiated energy for each user
in space.
• SDMA serves different users by using spot
beam antennas.
• Sectorized antennas can be primitive appli
cation of SDMA.
• With SDMA all users within the system wo
uld be able to communicate at the same ti
me using the same channel.
SDMA
 Packet Radio
• Many subscribers attempt to access a sing
le channel in an uncoordinated manner.
Packet Radio
 CSMA Strategies
• 1 persistent CSMA- Terminal listens to the
channel and waits for transmission until it f
inds the channel idle.
• Non-persistent- after receiving NACK it wa
its for random time.
• P-persistent- slotted ALOHA. In first slot wi
th prob. P
• CSMA/CD
Capacity of Cellular Systems
 Channel Capacity
• Def.-Max. no. Of users that can be provide
d in a fixed freq. Band.
• Radio capacity measures spectrum efficie
ncy of a wireless system.
• This parameter is determined by the requir
ed carrier to interference ratio C/I and cha
nnel BW Bc.
• Forward and Reverse channel interference
THANK YOU!