OPTICAL FIBER

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 ECE /6th SEM/2015

Submitted by:
Himadri Jana
Dipankar Saha
Subhendu Pradhan
Debayan Sinha
SK Intaj Mohammad

Dept. Of Electronics And Communication

Under the guidance of
Mrs. Moutusi

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 ECE /6th SEM/2015

Optical fiber-An overview

•Acts as waveguide
• Immune to electrical interference and
environmental noises
•Light propagates through the fiber with little
attenuation

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 ECE /6th SEM/2015

Components of
optical fiber
communication

Optical Optical Photodetector

Source waveguide

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•Sources
•Light emitting diode(LED)
•Semiconductor laser
•Optical waveguides and related
accessories
•Optical fiber
•Optical coupler
•Optical multiplexers
•Optical demultiplexers
•Optical filters
•Detectors
•PIN photo diode
•Avalanche photo diode
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 ECE /6th SEM/2015

Media (Hierarchy of optical fiber)

•Optical fiber
•Structure and types

Optical fiber

Graded-
Step index
index

Single- Multi- Multi-

mode mode mode

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Description of media:
•Step index fiber-refractive index of the core is
uniform throughout

•Graded index fiber-core refractive index is

made to vary as a function of the radial
distance from the centre

Both step and graded index fiber can be

further sub-divided into two:-
•Single(mono) mode
•Multi-mode

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 ECE /6th SEM/2015

•Made up of doped silica

•Small core diameter
•Structure
•Core diameter: 5 to 10 µm
•Clad diameter: Generally 125µm
•Buffer jacket diameter: 250 to 1000 µm
•Numerical Aperture: 0.08 to 0.15
(usually around 0.1)

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 ECE /6th SEM/2015

•Made up of glass or doped silica

•Reasonably large core diameter and
NA to facilitate efficient coupling of
incoherent light

•Structure
•Core diameter: 50 to 400 µm
•Clad diameter: 125 to 500 µm
•Buffer jacket diameter:250 to 1000
µm
•Numerical Aperture: 0.16 to 0.5

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•Based on “Total internal reflection”.

Critical angle (Ѳc) =sin-1(n2/n1)
Where , n1=refractive index of core
n2=refractive index of cladding

•Light that only enters in a certain range

of angles called “Acceptance Cone”

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•Reduction in signal strength with

respect to distance during transmission
•Absorption loss
•Scattering loss
•Radiative loss

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•Expressed in db km unit

P(z)=P(0)exp(-αpz)

Where, P(0)=optical power at origin(z=0)

P(z)=power at distance z
αp=fiber attenuation coefficient in (km-1

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Dispersion:
•Broadening of optical signal pulse.

Types:

•Material dispersion

•Waveguide dispersion

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•Telephones

•Internet Bundle of optical

fibers
•LANs - local area networks

•Security purpose

•Medical Science - endoscopy

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Conclusion:
•Erbium doped fiber acts as an optical
amplifier.

•It’s channel capacity is very high and hence

higher data communication

•Optical communication provide us less noisy &

better quality transmission.

•The raw material used to prepare optical fiber

is SiO2(sand), which is available in sufficient
amount.

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ECE /6th SEM/2015

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