CONSTRUCTION

MANPOWER SAFETY
Nearly 6.5 million people work at approximately
252,000 construction sites across the nation on
any given day. The fatal injury rate for the
construction industry is higher than the national
average in this category for all industries.
Potential hazard for
workers in
construction
SCAFFOLDING
Hazard: When scaffolds are not erected of used properly, fall hazards
can occur. About 2.3 million construction workers frequently work on
scaffolds. Protecting these workers from scaffold-related accidents
would prevent an estimated 4,500 injuries and 50 fatalities each year.

FALL PROTECTION
Hazard: Each year, falls consistently account for the greatest number of
fatalities in the construction industry. A number of factors are often
involved in falls, including unstable working surfaces, misuse or failure
to use fall protection equipment and human error.
LADDERS
Hazard: Ladders and stairways are another source of injuries and
fatalities among construction workers. OSHA estimates that
there are 24. 882 injuries and as many as 36 fatalities per year
due to falls on stairways and ladder used in construction. Nearly
half of these injuries were serious enough to require time off the
job.

STAIRWAYS
Hazard: Slip, strips and falls on stairways are major source of
injuries and fatalities among construction workers.
CRANES
Hazard: Significant and serious injuries may occur if cranes
are not inspected before use and if they are not used
properly. Often these injuries occur when a worker is struck
by an overhead load or caught within the crane’s swing
radius.

HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Hazard: Failure to recognize the hazard associated with
chemicals can cause chemicals burns, respiratory problems,
fires and explosions.
FORKLIFTS
Hazard: Approximately 100 employees are fatally injured and
approximately 95000 employees are injured every year while
operating powered industrial trucks. Forklifts turnover accounts
for a significant number of these fatalities.

HEAD PROTECTION
Hazard: Serious head injuries can result blows to the head.

TRENCHING
Hazard: Trench collapses cause dozens of fatalities and hundreds
of injuries each year.
CONSTRUCTION
REPORT
Definition: A report is a written document that
provides information. In the construction industry,
reports are typically formal documents that provide
information about key events, project stages or
processes to client, local authority, and purchaser and
so on.
Some of the most common construction report categories could
be summarized to the following:
TREND REPORTS
Trend reports are widely used in the construction industry. They offer the latest status
on different building construction types and analyse if their importance in the market
is going up or decreasing.

MATERIALS REPORT
Construction companies rely on materials reports in an effort to stay up-to-date with
the latest changes and boost productivity and building quality.

COST REPORT
Cost report are substantial for every construction project. They are always used during
the bid stage of a project in order to offer an accurate cost estimation concerning the
workforce and the materials that will be used.
COMPUTER APPLICATION IN
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
The management of construction projects is highly demanding
and involves a wide range of tasks. The development of
computer software for project management began with the idea
that mathematical, network-based analysis of large-scale
projects could reduce time and costs. In the late 1950’s
techniques such as PERT (Programme Evaluation and Review
Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) provides a basis for
the computer-aided management of projects.

Today, software can support project managers in all of their

tasks:
COORDINATION
It can be assumed that effective communication process will exist in
“temporary” construction project organizations. The division of labour and
responsibilities, as well as the exchange of information and the workflow
within the project, must be planned, implemented and controlled.

DOCUMENTATION
The construction process has to be documented thoroughly and in
real time. On the other hand, records may be required for regulatory reasons
and, on the other, they are needed for monitoring, controlling and accounting
construction processes.
CONTROL
The identification of discrepancies between target and actual
performance is essential to target-oriented control. All process need to
be monitored within narrow timeframe to ensure effective corrective
actions can be taken, in particular, controlling quality, cost and
programme.

SCHEDULING SOFTWARE
Construction scheduling software is used to plan, monitor and
control project progress. Buffers and the corresponding critical path
can be calculated based on process durations, deadlines and
relationships and appropriate resources can be assigned.
PROJECT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Project communication systems support the coordination
of a construction project by providing a joint platform to all
project members for collaboration and information exchange.

DIGITAL CONSTRUCTION DIARY

Digital construction diaries range from simple templates
for word processors, to internet-based systems with complex
data structures. By integrating media such as photo
documentation, the cogency of construction diary can be
increased.
COST CONTROL SOFTWARE
Cost control software is based on capacity
planning methods. Resources are assessed according to
cost information, such as the charge-out rates for
workers and equipment. By linking to the project’s
accounting software, budget figures can be compare
with actual figures. In addition, reports can be
generated automatically presenting a visualization of
the processed data.
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