HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

HAZRADS
A hydrometeorological hazard is any
process or phenomenon of atmospheric, or
oceanographic nature that may cause loss of
life, injury or health impacts, property
damage, impact to livelihood and social
services, social and economic disruption,
and environmental damage.
 TYPHOON
A typhoon is a strong tropical cyclone whose
maximum winds exceed 118 kph. A tropical cyclone
with maximum winds less than 118 kph is classed
either as a tropical depression or a tropical storm. A
tropical depression carries maximum winds from 35
kph to 61 kph. A tropical storm 62 kph to 117 kph. A
tropical storm with maximum winds from 89 kph to
117 kph is often reported as a serve tropical storm. A
tropical cyclone that exceeds maximum winds greater
than 220kph is classified as a super typhoon.
 SIGNS OF AN APPROACHING
TYPHOON
We rely mainly on the weather
announcements of PAGASA for news
about possible typhoons. When weather
disturbance has morphed into a
typhoon, it becomes a weather of
concern only when it enters the
Philippine area of responsibility (PAR).
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN
APPROACHING TYPHOON
a. Track the movement of the typhoon by keeping in touch
with the news.
b. Initiate your family preparedness plan. Prepare your
family emergency kit and if the approaching typhoon is a
supeer typhoon expect of the possibility of an evacuation,
prepare your supply kit.
c. Inspect the drainage system of your house. If they are
clogged of covered with debris, clean them or have them
prepared.
d. Protect your property by trimming the trees
around your house.
e. Inspect your house for weak and unstable
parts. Repair them. Bind weak structures with a
rope, fasten the roof of the house, or pin them
down with heavy objects.
f. Board up your windows or cover them with
cardboard. Draw the house curtains and blinds
to block the entry of flying debris.
g. Harvest the crops in your field that
can be harvested.
h. Put your pets and livestock in a
shelter
i. Put your valuables and electronics in
elevated place.
 WHAT TO DO DURING A
TYPHOON
a. Stay inside the house as much as possible and stay
calm.
b. Listen to the radio for the news about typhoon.
c. Once it begins to flood or when large quantities of
rain splash into your house, switch off the circuit
breaker to avoid electrocution and prevent electrical
sparks.
d. Save the batteries of your phones for emergency
calls.
 WHAT TO DO AFTER A TYPHOON
a. Continue to monitor the radio and TV networks for
news.
b. Do not wade through flood water to avoid being
electrocuted or contracting disease.
c. Report damaged electrical cables and fallen electric
posts to authorities.
d. Clean your house, and help clean the streets so that
assistance can come quickly to people who need it.
Clean those places that can be a breeding ground for
mosquitos.
 THUNDERSTORM
A thunderstorm is also called by other
names, such as lightning storm, thunder
storm, thunder shower, or electrical storm. It
is a weather disturbance accompanied by
lightning (kidlat) and its acoustic effect called
the thunder (kulog), strong gusts of wind,
and rain. A thunderstorm is often associated
with a particular cloud formation called
cumulonimbus.
SIGNS OF A FORMING THUNDERSTORM
Weather advisories from PAGASA often include news
about showers and thunderstorm in different regions of
the country. The signs of a forming thunderstorm are
following.
a. The formation of cumulonimbus cloud (dark and
billowing clouds).
b. The smell of rain, a sudden drop of temperature, and
strong breeze.
c. Flashes of lightning and faint sound of thunder.
 WHAT TO DO BEFORE A
THUNDERSTORM
a. Cancel outdoor events.
b. Switch off the house’s circuit breaker or unplug all
appliances and electronic devices.
c. Stay away from windows as strong winds can bring
flying debris.
d. Do not take a bath as plumbing can conduct the
electricity induced by lightning.
e. If you are in a swimming pool, get out of the pool.
 WHAT TO DO DURING A
THUNDERSTORM
Most thunderstorms rarely become serious natural hazards but
severe thunderstorms do pose dangers to people and property. To
reduce risks from these hazards, the following must be observed.
a. Stay indoors.
b. Avoid open areas like fields, beaches, hilltops, and avoid standing
near the tallest objects in your area.
c. Do not seek shelter under tall and isolated trees in open areas.
d. Get inside a car.
e. When caught in an open space and are travelling in groups, stay
low and spread out. Stay away from trees and elevated grounds.
Remove metal objects from your body. Seek the lowest ground
wherever possible.
 WHAT TO DO AFTER A
THUNDERSTORM
a.Watch out for broken power lines. Report to
authorities
b. Stay away from storm damaged areas.
c. Dry wet floors and remove puddles of water in the
sorroundings where mosquitos can breed.
 FLASHFLOOD
A flashflood is a sudden rush of a large
volume of water down a gulley or sloping
surface due to prolonged rainfall. It often
carries mud, rocks, sometimes broken
branches and uprooted plants.
 WHAT TO DO DURING A
FLASHFLOOD
Flashfloods happen within 6 hours of a rain event,
or after a dam or levee failure, or sudden release
of water by dams or debris in elevated places. If a
flashflood is rushing in, the only thing left for
people to do is run to elevated places, climb a
tree or climb a pole.
 FLOOD
Flood is the inundation of land not normally
covered by water. Floods can also happen
due to the overflowing of a river, lake, dams,
or any water channel. Tsunamis and storm
surge also bring floods along coastal regions.
SIGNS OF AND VULNERABILITIES TO
AN IMPENDING FLOOD
a. A forecast of heavy downpour from a
weather disturbance.
b. Low lying regions
c. High tide
WHAT TO DO BEFORE AN IMPENDING
FLOOD
a. Prepare your family emergency kit and disaster supply kit
b. Switch off the house’s circuit breaker or unplug all electronic and
electrical appliances.
c. Listen to the news about weather updates
d. Protect your property by elevating them to a higher ground in the
house.
e. Clean the house’s drainage
f. Construct temporary barriers such levees, flood walls or sand bags to
prevent flood from entering your house or to divert its flow away from
private property.
g. If one lives near a lake, sea, rivers, or any water channel evacuate the
house and seek shelter in an elevated place.
 WHAT TO DO DURING A FLOOD
a. Monitor your sorroundings and continue listening to the news
b. Do not allow children to play in the flood, especially near rivers,
canals, creeks, or storm drains as they can be swept by the rush of
water.
c. Climb up to the second floor or to the roof when the flood
continues to rise.
d. If there is a need to evacuate, leave at once before the flood
cuts off your access to a safe place.
e. En route to evacuation centers, stay away from power lines and
electrical wires.
f. Use a flotation device if you have no choice but to cross a
flooded area.
 WHAT TO DO AFTER A FLOOD
a. If one is injured, clean wounds or seak medical attention.
b. Do not visit disaster areas as your presence can get in the
way of emergency and rescue operations.
c. Do not loiter in flooded areas, if it is necessary to do wear
protective gears such as boots and gloves.
d. Continue monitoring the news about the bad weather
and flood updates.
e. If there is a possibility that your house’s water system has
been contaminated by flood water, boil your water before
drinking it.
f. Clean up. Throw out things that can be a breeding ground
for mosquitoes.
 STORM SURGE
A storm surge is the rapid increase in
seawater level above normal sea levels along
the coast due to meteorological forces such
as strong tropical winds and existence of low
pressure area.
 WHAT TO DO BEFORE A STORM SURGE
a. Prepare an evacuation plan
b. Communities which are located in storm surge prone
areas must be relocated to places of higher elevation.
c. As a long-term mitigation measure, construct
seawalls and storm surge breakers to protect
communities from storm surge strikes.
d. Stay away from beach areas in the event of an
approaching typhoon
e. Keep updated about the approaching storm
 WHAT TO DO DURING A STORM
SURGE
a. Switch off the circuit breaker or unplug all electronic
and electrical appliances
b. Upon receiving a probable strike from a storm surge,
evacuate to higher ground
c. If caught in a storm surge, seek protection from
barriers that can protect yu from the impact of
seawater and the debris it carries.
d. Move inland and away the flow of seawater
 WHAT TO DO AFTER A STORM
SURGE
a. Check the buildings and houses for structural
damage and have them repaired.
b. Check for fallen electric poles and open live wires.
They should be reported to authorities.
c. Clean all mud. Collect all debris in one place and
dispose them.
d. Do not food contaminated by flood water.
 EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA
El Niño is a phenomenon in the pacific ocean when the
temperature of the ocean is unusually warm in the equatorial
pacific. La Niña, on the other hand, is its opposite.
El Niño brings extreme environmental conditions. For the
most part, it brings drought and dry spell, but when it brings
rain, it comes a strong typhoon. La Niña, on the other hand, is
the opposite of El Niño. If dry spells accompany El Niño, La
Niña is accompanied by above normal rainfall, strong
monsoon activity, and formation of more tropical cyclones.
 EL NIÑO’s IMPACT ON
FISHERIES
Because dry spell and drought accompany El Niño, agriculture is
easily the most visible impacted sector. But little is said about the
impacts it brkings to fisheries.
The deeper and warmer sea associated with El niño prevents many
fish from accessing the nutrient rich body of water found deep in
the ocean. But if they do, they swim too deep for fishermen to
catch.
Variations in the characteristics of the ocean such as, changes on
the surface temperature, changes in the vertical thermal structure
of the ocean and altered coastal and upwelling currents disrupt
the normal distribution of aquatic organisms.
SUBMITTED BY:
•John Henry Sasa
•Jestonie Gallarte
•Myla Fillone