ENVIROMENTAL

IMPACT
ASSESSMENT(EIA)
What is an EIA?
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a
process of evaluating the likely environmental
impacts of a proposed project or development,
taking into account inter-related socio-economic,
cultural and human-health impacts, both
beneficial and adverse
Objectives of EIA
 To identify, predict and evaluate the economic,
environmental and social impact of development activities
 To provide information on the environmental
consequences for decision making and
 To promote environmentally sound and sustainable
development through the identification of appropriate
alternatives and mitigation measures
STAGES OF EIA

 Screening
 Scoping
 Impact Analysis
 Mitigation
 Reporting
 Public Hearing
 Review
Screening
 Screening is the first and simplest process in project
evaluation
 The government rules categorize projects into two
categories, A and B based on the spatial extent of the
impacts, effects on human health and the effects on the
environment.
1. Category A projects are looked into by the Central

Government
2. Category B projects go to the State Government.

 Screening takes 60 days

Scoping
 This stage identifies the key issues and impacts that
should be further investigated. This stage also defines
the boundary and time limit of the study
 Two types of scoping
(i) Closed scoping: The process wherein the content and scope of
an EIA Report is pre-determined by law and modified through
closed consultations between a developer and the competent
authority
(ii) Open or Public scoping: A transparent process based on public
consultations
Impact Analysis
 This stage of EIA identifies and predicts the likely
environmental and social impact of the proposed
project and evaluates the significance
 There are two steps in impact analysis
(i) Identification
(ii) Prediction of Impacts
Mitigation
 This stage includes recommended actions that can offset
the adverse impacts of the project. This is done with the
idea of lessening the negative effects and improving the
scope for project benefits.
 Mitigating measures may be:
(i) Preventive: public awareness programmes
(ii) Compensatory: to reduce potential reactions
(iii) Corrective: putting into place devices and installations
Reporting
 This stage presents the result of EIA in a form of a
report to the decision-making body and other
interested parties.
 The report should consist following details
(i) Detailed project report (DPR)
(ii) Filled in questionnaire
(iii) Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
(iv) Human Exposure Assessment Location (HEAL)
Public Hearing

 After the completion of EIA report the law requires

that the public must be informed and consulted
on a proposed development after the completion
of EIA report
 It includes obtaining responses in writing from
other concerned persons by posting on website
within 7 days of receiving application
Review

 It examines the adequacy and effectiveness of the EIA

report and provides the information necessary for decision-
making

Decision Making
 The final decision is based on the EIA to approve or reject
the project
 This is open to administrative or judicial review based on
procedural aspect