Abdul Hanan Shahid

Co-Supervisor:

Mr. M. Raheel

Mr. Safdar Ali

 Title:

Characterization of samples by studying De-

polarization properties
Contents

 Application of polarized light

 Boimedical application of polarized light
 Polarized light interaction with medium
 Sample preparation
 Experimental Techniques
 Results
 Application of polarized light

 Due to non invasive nature of polarized

light
 Quantifying sugar concentrations.
 chiral molecules
 Astronomy.
 Metrology.
 Radar.
 Biomedical optics
 chiralilty of biological molecules
 Biomedical Applications

o Due to multiple scattering and extensive depolarization

of light in turbid media
 Depolarization of light caused by multiple scattering
through turbid media (biological tissues) .
 After interaction of light, the resulting polarization
metrics contain morphological and structural
information about the biological tissues.
 Biological tissues are mostly heterogeneous
in nature
 Chiral molecules (glucose dissolved in blood)
present in tissues result in the rotation of
polarized light known as optical activity or
circular birefringence.
TYPES OF OPTICAL MEDIUM
On the basis of polarimetric properties mediums can be divided
into following types
Medium

Non
depolarizing Depolarizing

There are two non depolarizing elements .

Non Depolarizing Elements

Retarder Di-attenuator
 Interaction with Biological Tissues

The Polarization of different state of light and

their interaction with a medium can be expressed
by either

 Mueller Matrix Calculus

 MUELLER MATRIX

The optical medium can be characterized alternatively by Mueller

matrices, which was introduced by Hans Mueller in 1940s

Where 𝑠𝑖𝑛 is incoming stokes vector and 𝑠0 is output stokes

vector
 MUELLER MATRIX
It is a 4x4 real matrix contains all the polarimetric properties
of the medium.

The elements of the Mueller matrix are dimensionless, and the given
Experimental techniques
Mueller matrix spectro-polarimeter (MMSP)

Three main components

 Axo-metrics tunable visible light source
 Instrument heads
 Control unit.
Tunable light source consists of (150 W) as
input with range of 400-800 nm.
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

MMSP
Maximum error among Mueller matrices
•Air (0.7)
• Polarizer(0.9)
• Quarter wave plate(0.86)
Sample preparation

 Fifteen rats were used in the experiment and

divided into three groups and each group
contains five rats.
 One group was normal and other three
groups were given different doses of 0.4
ml/kg and 1.0 ml/kg of CCl4 by injection.
 Then samples were placed between two glass
slides highly absorbing tissue
RESULTS

•Depolarization were observed to fall abruptly in the

spectral range 400-500 nm, whereas these trends fall
slower at higher wavelengths afterwards
•Normal liver tissue samples have higher total (∆T),
linear (∆L) and circular (∆C) depolarizations as
compared to liver injured samples
•Higher severe injured liver samples offers very low
depolarization rates over the investigated
wavelength
•linear polarization states over circular polarization
states were observed for all kind of samples over
entire wavelength range
•Depolarizations were observed to be sensitive to the
severity of liver injuries
Measured Mueller Matrix
Mueller matrix is always the function of wavelength (λ) of the
incident polarized light and the propagation vector (k ) of the wave.
 o
 What is Polarimetry ?
 Polarimetry is a sensitive, noninvasive technique for
measuring the optical activity showed by inorganic and
organic compounds.

 A compound is considered to be optically active if linearly

polarized light is rotated when passing through it.
Representation of Polarized light:

Different methods has been proposed for

representation of polarized light
 Coherency matrix
 Jones vector
 Stokes vector representation
Mueller matrix decomposition

Product Decomposition
In product decomposition, Mueller matrix is decomposed in the
sequence of elementary polarization components such as Di-
attenuation, Retardation and Depolarization.