"Chicago Bulls Gaining Momentum"

The sports announcer says, "Going into the all-star

break, the Chicago White Sox have the momentum."

The coach pumps up his team at half-time, saying

"You have the momentum; the critical need is that you
use that momentum and bury them in this third quarter."
 MOMENTUM
It refers to the quantity of motion that an
object has.
 Which of these two objects is more difficult
to stop – the lighter one or the heavier one?
(assume that they are moving at the same velocity)
Which of the two identical cars is
more difficult to stop?

80 km/hr 30 km/hr
 MOMENTUM
In terms of an equation, the momentum of an object
is equal to the mass of the object times the velocity of
the object.

p=m∙v
 IMPULSE
A force applied to an object for a certain
amount of time.
 IMPULSE
In terms of an equation, impulse is defined as the
product force acting on an object and the time
during which the force acts.

I = Ft
EXAMPLE:
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A 30 N force is applied to a 50 kg
boulder for 2 s.
 IMPULSE IS CHANGED IN
MOMENTUM
The greater the impulse exerted on some thing, the greater
the change in momentum. The exact relationship is,
Impulse = Change in Momentum
or in shorthand notation,
Ft = Δ(mv)
EXAMPLE:
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Tiger Woods hits a 0/02 kg golf ball,
giving it a speed of 25 m/s. What
impulse does he impart to the ball?
EXAMPLE: COLLISION
It occurs when two or more bodies
come in contact with each other.
EXAMPLE:
TWO TYPES OF COLLISION
(a) Elastic Collision and (b) Inelastic
Collision
 ELASTIC COLLISION
bodies separate after collision; kinetic
energy is conserved ; no heat generated
ELASTIC COLLISION
ELASTIC COLLISION
 INELASTIC COLLISION
kinetic energy is not conserved; objects stick
together after collision is said to be perfectly elastic
 POTENTIAL ENERGY
It is energy in matter due to arrangements of its
parts, its composition, location and structure.

Two various forms: (a) Gravitational Potential

Energy and (b) Elastic Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE)

energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position;

potential energy that is dependent on height
The GPE of an object can be determined
using the formula:

PE= mgh
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
How much potential energy does a
4 kg object have that is 5 meters off
the ground?
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
It is said that Galileo dropped objects off the Leaning
Tower of Pisa to determine whether heavy or light
objects fall faster. If Galileo had dropped a 5.0 kg
cannon ball to the ground from a height of 12 m,
what would have been the change in PE of the
canon ball?
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
A woman lifts a mass of 2.00 kg from the
floor to a table 18 m high. What PE does
the mass have because of the change of
position?
Elastic Potential Energy (EPE)

Energy possessed by a spring or rubber band

when it is stretched or compressed
Elastic potential energy is given by:

1 2
PE= kx
2
Where:
k= force constant x= elongation of the spring
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
A coiled spring in a waist trimming exerciser requires a
force of 54 N to compress it by 0.20 m. (a) Find the
force constant of the spring. (b) What is its potential
energy when compressed by 0.5 m?
 KINETIC ENERGY
energy of a moving object;
energy in motion
Kinetic Energy is given by:

1 2
KE = mv
2
 SAMPLE PROBLEM
A 25 kg bicycle is travelling with a velocity
of 3 m/s. What is its kinetic energy at this
velocity? How about if the velocity is 5 m/s?
7 m/s?
 ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
change of energy from one
form to another
“energy can’t be created or destroyed,
only changed from one form to another”
Mechanical Energy  Electrical Energy