Leadership

Desak Nyoman Arista RD

Learning points

The perspective

The theory
Traditional theories of leadership

New approaches to leadership

 The Perspective

Leader Leadership Manajer

• Innovates • Administer
• Develop • Maintain
• Focus on people • Focus on systems & structure
• Inspires trust • Control
• Long-term view • Short-term view
• Ask what and why • Ask how and when
• Has his/her eyes on the horizon • Has his/her eyes on the bottom line
• Originate • Initiative..is a copy
• Challenge the status quo • Accept the status quo
• Do the rights things • Do things right
The Perspective

Great man/great person theory

Designated vs emergent

Trait vs behavior
The Theory
1. Traditional theories
1. The trait approach
2. The power approach
3. The behavioral approach
4. The contingency approach
2. New approaches
(1) The trait approach
Personal characteristic
Physical features  height, physique,
appearance, age
Ability characteristics  intelligence,
knowledge, fluency of speech
Personality trait  dominance, emotional
control, expressiveness, introversion-
extraversion
(2) The power approach
Power
reward, coercive, legitimate, expert,
referent power
Influence
pressure, exchange, coalition, legitimating,
rational persuasion, inspirational appeals,
consultation, ingratiating, personal appeals
(3) The behavioral approach

Consideration vs Initiation structure

Task-Relation-Participative oriented
behavior
(4) The contingency approach
Situational theory  fit with the maturity
(development level) of the team
 Telling (H task, L relation), selling (H-H),
participating (L task, H relation), delegating (L-L)
Path goal theory  affect subordinate
satisfaction, motivation and ultimately
performance
 Supportive leadership, directive leadership,
participative leadership, achievement leadership
New approaches

Leader member exchange (LMX)

Transformational
The charismatic leader
Visioner leader
Positive leadership
Style of Leadership
Authoritarian - Democratic - Laissez faire

People - Task orientation

Consideration - Initiating structure

Transactional - Transformational

Charismatic – Inspirational (visioner)

Challenge in Leadership

Gender
Ethnic
Culture
The right person, in the right place, at the
right time, doing the right things
Cross-cultural leadership

Global leadership and organizational

behavior effectiveness

Culture-spesific characteristics