"My favourite colour
is blue. I like it because it is
calming and it relaxes me. I
often go outside in the
summer and lie on the grass
and look into the clear
sky when I
am stressed. For this reason,
I'd have to say my favourite
colour is blue."
"My favourite colour is blue.
Blue sports cars go very fast.
Driving in this way is
dangerous and can cause
many car crashes. I had a
car accident once and broke
my leg. I was very sad
because I had to miss a
holiday in Europe because of
the injury."
"My favourite colour is
blue. I'm calm and
relaxed. In the summer I
lie on the grass and look
up."
 Cohesion – connectivity in a text
Sense of sentence-by-sentence flow by which
the reader moves through a passage, with each
sentence connecting to the previous one and
the one that follows
The beginning of a sentence is its topic: it’s
what the sentence is about
The end of a sentence is its stress: it’s what the
sentence delivers, what’s most important
about it
 Coherence – how easy it is to understand
the overall sense of unity in a passage,
including both the main point of sentences
and the main point of each paragraph.
Coherence focuses the reader’s attention
on the specific people, things, and events
you are writing about
How do you make
connections in a
sentence?
Cohesive words
Listing
first, second, third
first, furthermore, finally
to begin, to conclude
next
 Reinforcement
also
furthermore
moreover
what is more
in addition
besides
above all
as well (as)
in the same way
 Similarity
equally
likewise
similarly
correspondingly
in the same way
 Transition to new point
now,
as far as x is concerned
with regard/reference to
as for ...
it follows that
turning to
 Summary
in conclusion
to conclude
in brief
to summarise
overall
therefore
 Stating the obvious
obviously
clearly
naturally
of course
as can be expected
surely
after all
 Contrast
instead
conversely
on the contrary
in contrast
in comparison
 Concession (sth unexpected)
however
even though
however much
nevertheless
still
yet
 Expressing an alternative
alternatively
rather
on the other hand
the alternative is
another possibility would be
 Highlighting
in particular
particularly
especially
mainly
 Giving examples
for example
for instance
as follows:
that is
in this case
namely
in other words
 Generalising
in general
generally
on the whole
as a rule
for the most part
in most cases
usually
 Result/consequence
So , thus
Therefore , accordingly
as a result/consequence
Consequently , hence
because of this/that
for this/that reason
so that , in that case
under these circumstances
 Example sentences

 REINFORCEMENT
Desktop computers are cheaper and more
reliable than laptops; furthermore, they are
more flexible.
 RESULT/CONSEQUENCE

Prices fell by more than 20% last year. As a

result, sales increased by 15%.
 GENERALISING

On the whole, his speech was well

received, despite some complaints from new
members.
 CONTRAST
The South East of the UK often has the coldest
weather in the winter. Conversely, the North West
of Scotland frequently has the mildest
temperatures.