FINAL ASSIGNMENT MODULE 6

1. HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

2. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
3. EXPLANATION TEXT

4. DISCUSSION TEXT

EKO MULYONO
Number. 20120215710011

ASUS 9/16/20 KANJURUHAN MALANG UNIVERSITY

LEARNING NOTE LA 1 M6

HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT

What is Hortatory Exposition Text?

a text which represents the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act
in certain way.

Purpose

to persuade the reader or listener that something should pr should not be the case.

Generic Structure

# Thesis: Thesis is the announcement of issue concern.

# Arguments: Argument is reason for concern, leading to recommendation.
# Recommendation: Recommendation is statement of what ought or ought to happen.

Language Features

– Focusing on the writer

– Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
– Using action verb
– Using thinking verb
– Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
– Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
– Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
– Using passive voice
– Using simple present tense
 Hortatory Vs Analytical

EXPOSITION TEXT DIFFERENT

Hortatory the last paragraph is recommendations

Analytical the last paragraph is Conclusion

Example

Music is Fun for Learning English

Learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning
Thesis when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying
reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning.

Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song we heard
after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This
phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory.
Argument 1 Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition, which is
just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times
more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex
syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary
sample.

Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs and
Argument 2 probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself
and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism
and yeas, even revolution.

Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar,
Argument 3
practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and
culture.

Recommendation From the elaboration above, it can be suggested that learning through music and songs, learning
English can be enjoyable and fun.
LEARNING NOTE LA 2 M6

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

What is Analytical Exposition?

a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.

Social Function

to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter, and to analyze the topic that the
thesis/opinion is correct by developing an argument to support it.

Generic Structure

# Thesis: Introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s point of view.
# Argument: Explaining the argument to support the writer’s position.
# Reiteration: Restating the writer’s point of view / to strengthen the thesis.

We can use the following phrases to conclude in Reiteration:

1. From the fact above …
2. I personally believe …
3. Therefore, my conclusion is …
4. In conclusion …

Language Features
– Using relational process
– Using internal conjunction
– Using causal conjunction
– Using Simple Present Tense
– Using compound and complex sentence.
– Use word that link argument, such as firstly, secondly, and reasoning through causal
conjunction, such as in addition, furthermore, however, therefore.
 Example

Is Smoking Good for Us?

Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousand people die
THESIS every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven times as many as die in road
accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by smoking.

Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day, we
ARGUMENT 1 are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non-smoker. If we smoke twenty
cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of
bronchitis are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die
of heart disease than non-smokers.

Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In
ARGUMENT 2 one hour in smoky room, non-smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as if
he had smoked fifteen cigarettes.

REITERATION Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from
smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for everybody else.
LEARNING NOTE LA 3 M6

EXPLANATION TEXT

Purpose

- To tell processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
- To explain how or why something happens.
Language Features
– Using simple present tense
– Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
– Using Passive voice
– Using Action verbs
– Containing explanation of the process ..
 Example

How does Rain Happen?

Generic
Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable
Statement conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop
irrigation.

The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the
Sequenced sun heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water
Explanation
vapor rises into the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into
liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which
can be in the form of rain or snow.

Concluding However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is
Statement called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions

LEARNING NOTE LA M6

DISCUSSION TEXT
What is Discussion Text?

a text which presents a problematic discourse that will be discussed from different viewpoints.

Purpose

– To present two points of view about issue or problem.

– To present arguments from differing points of view about issue or problem.

Generic Structure
Discussion

stating the issue

Argumentation Pro Argumentation Cons

 Point (+) Elaboration  Point (-) Elaboration

 “  “

 “  “

Conclusion
Summary + (perhaps)
recommendation
 Language Features

– Introducing category or generic participant

– Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc
– Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand, however, etc
– Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
– Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

Example

The advantages and Disadvantages of Distance Learning

Issue A few years ago, distance learning was seen as an inferior way but nowadays even famous and
established traditional colleges and universities are providing distance learning courses and it is
generally considered a way to improve one’s life.

However, people still argue whether distance learning give more advantage or disadvantage.
Some of them who see the benefit of distance learning will say that distance learning needs no
commuting. Of course, it saves money and time that students would take. Furthermore, distance
Argument learning can be done at any student’s convenience. Mostly of the classes of distance learning are
pro asynchronous. It means that students do not have to attend a lecture at a fixed particular time and
place. Students can review the assignments and do their homework during off-hours or from
home. Additionally, distance learning gives more accessibility. No one can deny it. People with
limited mobility may encounter the problem when they take traditional class. With the online
class system, the problem is absent.

Despite the many advantages, the other people will see that distance learning is costly and needs
complex technology. To attend online learning, student must have a computer with possibly
access to the internet. Admitted or not, such technology devices are not always available for
Argument
common students. Another disadvantage of distance learning is that it does not provide
cons
immediate feedback. Unlikely traditional classroom, students have to wait for the feedback and
comment until the instructor has review the works and sent response to them. Most of the time
students will study alone. Distance learners may feel isolated or miss that social physical
interaction that comes with attending a traditional classroom

Regarding the individual’s learning style, some students are able to learn when there is a live
Conclusion interaction between them and the available of accompanying teacher while others don’t really
need it. So before deciding a choice of attending distance learning or not, each student needs to
do a fair analysis regarding the kind of person he/she is.