ENGLISH 8

MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS

Content Standard
LESSON 1: CONTEXT CLUES
The learner demonstrates understanding of Southeast Asian literature as mirror to a shared
heritage: coping strategies in processing textual information; strategies in examining fea-
tures of a listening and viewing material; structural analysis of words and propaganda tech-
niques; and grammatical signals for opinion-making, persuasion and emphasis.

Performance Standard
The learner transfers learning by composing and delivering a persuasive speech on
an informative essay featuring use of properly acknowledged information sources, gram-
matical signals for opinion-making, persuasion, and emphasis, and appropriate prosodic
features, stance, and behavior.

Most Essential Learning Competency

Identify and use signals that indicate coherence (e.g. additive - also, moreover; causa-
tive - as a result, consequently; conditional/ concessional - otherwise, in that case, however;
sequential - to begin with, in conclusion; clarifying - for instance, in fact, in addition) .

INTRODUCTION
On your last module, you learned about the use of modal verbs and adverbs appro-
priately.
In this module, you will learn about using signals that indicate coherence. Coher-
ence refers to the linking of ideas in a logical sequence or order. While Cohesion refers
to the organization of sentences and ideas in your essay working together as a whole
within their paragraphs. They hold together by cohesive devices (transitional words and
expressions).
Why is cohesive devices important? Cohesive devices are like bridges between
parts of your paper. They are cues that help the reader to interpret ideas in the way that
you, as a writer, want them to understand. Transitional markers as one of the cohesive
devices make it very easy for the reader to follow your presentation of information in the
essay. They don’t get lost or confused. Did you write in clear paragraphs that are orga-
nized around central ideas? It’s like listening to a story that’s smooth and easy to follow.

Aside from transitional markers, we will also have a review on genders of nouns
and capitalizing proper nouns. Make yourself ready on the different activities you need
to finish within this week.

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MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS
COPY this on the LECTURES section of your notebook.

TRANSITIONAL WORDS
Here are some useful transitional/linking words and phrases to use to show the differ-
ent relationships between your ideas and sentences:

a. ADDITION - to add idea

and, also, again, and then in addition, additionally, furthermore, further, moreover, as
well as, what’s more, besides this/that, too

Examples:
Our country faces the problem of pandemic, also, the implementation of education
system this school year.
Chris is on the basketball team this semester at Indiana School for the Deaf. In
addition, he is on the soccer team.
b. CONTRAST - to show two things are different
on the other hand, however, despite, conversely, in contrast to, on the contrary, although,
while, though, even though, compared with, in comparison with, rather than, whereas, but,
instead of, in spite of, still, nevertheless, regardless, otherwise, alternatively, however, yet

Example:
His first novel took him only a few weeks to write, while his next one took over a year.
He prefers to attend a play rather than attending the conferences.
c. COMPARE - to show how two things ar e similar /alike
likewise, similarly, also, in the same way, in comparison to, correspondingly, equally,
for the same reason, in a similar manner, too

Examples:
I used to work fifteen hours a day. In comparison with that, my present job is more
like a holiday!

The doctor advised him to give up smoking. Similarly, he recommended him to eat
much less and take plenty of exercise.
d. SEQUENCE/ Time Order - to indicate a chr onological sequence
first, second (etc.), to begin with, initially, at first, then, next, from there, and then, follow-
ing this, finally, lastly, earlier, given the above, subsequently, later, meanwhile, to begin
with, on top of that
Examples:
There were several good reasons for changing the plan. To begin with, it involved a lot
of money. On top of that, it needed too many people.
He tried to open one of the small windows. At first it remained firmly closed but, in the
end, after a great deal of effort, he managed to open it a few inches... and the fire has
finally been brought under control. Several men are still missing. Meanwhile the causes
of the explosion are still being investigated.
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MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS
TRANSITIONAL WORDS (cont’d...)

e. EXAMPLE
for example, for instance, a good example of this is, such as, to illustrate, in particular,
particularly, namely, specifically, thus

Examples:
Most countries do not grow enough food for their needs. Let us take the case of the Unit-
ed Kingdom.

Most people are superstitious in some way. Thus, a lot of people believe that the number
13 is unlucky
f. CONSEQUENCE/ The effect of things - to show the effect of something
therefore, as a result, thus, hence, so, consequently, admittedly, so that, depending on,
accordingly

Examples:
Most people were opposing to the scheme on the grounds that it was too expensive.
Accordingly, it is now being r e-examined to see if costs can be reduced.

Seven inches of snow fell during the night, blocking most main roads. As a result,
traffic conditions have been chaotic.

In the past, no one has taken his advice very seriously. Hence, it is very probable that
he will not be inclined to help on this occasion.

g. EMPHASIS/CERTAINTY - to put forwar d an idea mor e for cefully

again, indeed, certainly, in fact, of course, undoubtedly, plainly, obviously, unquestion-
ably, more important(ly), most important(ly), it should be noted (that), unquestionably

Examples:
Queen Elizabeth is a peace keeper. Indeed, she is one of the most respected woman
in the world.

This three artworks are the most interesting. Undoubtedly, these will be presented in
the museum.

h. CONDITION - to pr ovide a condition

if, then, unless, whether, provided that, in that case, otherwise, then, in (that) case

Examples:
He left the country the same day. In that case, he must have had his passport with
him.
You must get some more petrol. Otherwise, we will not have enough to get us to the
next town.

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MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS
TRANSITIONAL WORDS (cont’d...)

i. SUMMARY/ GENERALIZATION

in summary, in conclusion, overall, in short, to sum up, in brief, in other words, all in
all, to put it differently, to summarize, on the whole, as a whole, usually, in general, in
most cases, as a rule, normally, generally

Examples:
She spends a lot of money on clothes. She is also fond of buying expensive jewelry.
In short, she is extr emely extr avagant.

The car is not new but it is in good condition. The price too is very reasonable. On
the whole, I think it is quite a good bar gain.

The film has a very unusual plot, with plenty of action. Both the acting and photog-
raphy. To sum up, this is a film you should not miss.

j. REASON/ The cause of thing - to attr ibute the r easons for something occur r ing
a/the consequence of, because, since, as, so, due to, owing to, the reason why, caused by

Examples:

Many Filipinos disagreed to the continuation of beautifying the Manila Bay because our
government is pursuing this project despite of the pandemic we are facing today.

Since it is r aining today, the homecoming game and the food booths will be can-
celled.

k. CONCESSION/Qualification - accepting/acknowledging something is

true/ conceding something

granted, naturally, of course, admittedly, although, even though, obviously, however, nev-
ertheless, regardless, certainly

Examples:
She is not as pretty as she used to be. Nevertheless, she is still a very attractive girl.

Their team won many times in different competitions around the world. Admittedly, they
could be the greatest team of all time.

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MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS
TRANSITIONAL WORDS (cont’d...)

l. RESTATEMENT - for r ephr asing statement

in other words, more simply, namely, simply put, to put it differently / another way,
that is, to put it more simply

Examples:
Towards the end of the party he got up and danced on the table. In other words, he
made a complete fool of himself.

Most people felt that the project was not worthwhile in proportion to the amount of
time it would take to complete it and equally the financial expenditure involved. To
put it more simply, it was a waste of time and money.

NOTE: This is not a complete list and of course, many words can link ideas in different ways
depending on how they are used. It’s important to not overuse so many linking
words/ transitional markers in your essays because it makes it even more difficult to
read, rather than making it smooth and easy to read. So choose a few carefully when
you write and make sure you don’t overuse these phrases.

EXERCISE

DIRECTION: Fill in the blanks using the transitional markers AND, SO, BECAUSE, BUT or OR.

1. I could not go out last night _____________________ I was too busy.

2. I could not go with my friend _____________________ he went without me.
3. My friend went to the cinema to see a film _____________________ the film wasn't very good.
4. The cinema was full of people _____________________ they were all smoking.
5. I like people _____________________ I don't like smoke.
6. Do you want an orange juice _____________________ a guava juice?
7. It was my birthday _____________________ he didn't send me a greeting card.
8. I didn't write to him _____________________ he didn't write to me.
9. We couldn’t contact him _____________________ we didn’t have his number.
10. The new department store is now open _____________________ it is offering big discounts.

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MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS
Let us continue our basic grammar review! COPY this on the Grammar Review section of your
English notebook.

UNIT I: REVIEW AND EXPANSION OF ENGLISH 7 LESSONS (cont’d...)

(right side)
GENDERS OF NOUN

1. Masculine (Panlalaki) - r efer s to the male sex

ex. boy, lor d, king, r ooster

2. Feminine (Pambabae) - r efer s to the female sex

ex. gir l, lady, queen, hen

3. Common (Di-Tiyak) - r efer s to either male or female

ex. student, doctor , teacher , lawyer

4. Neuter (Walang Kasarian) - r efer s to the thing that has no life

ex. book, paper , chair , er aser

CAPITALIZING PROPER NOUNS

All proper nouns begin with a capital letter. The following are proper nouns and should
be capitalized.

1. Name of Persons
ex: J ustin, Michelle, Cindy

2. Words denoting family relationship when they are used with a person’s name. Do not
capitalize such words when a person’s name is not given.
ex: My Aunt Nova came yester day.
My uncle visited us last Sunday.

3. Titles used with names of persons/titles when they are used instead of names
ex: Pr esident Duter te deliver ed his fifth State of the Nation Addr ess last J uly 27, 2020.
The Prime Minister will visit us.

4. Names of months, holidays, days of the week

(as a general rule, name of seasons are not capitalized)
ex: J anuar y, Monday, Independence Day
seasons: winter , spr ing, summer , fall

5. Names of countries, cities (including pr ovinces, bar angays, towns)

ex: Philippines, Olongapo, Zambales

6. Names of political and religious sects and other organizations

ex: Liber al Par ty, Republican Par ty

7. Names of Historical events

ex: Fall of Bataan, Cr y of Balintawak

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MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS
UNIT I: REVIEW AND EXPANSION OF ENGLISH 7 LESSONS (cont’d...)

CAPITALIZING PROPER NOUNS (cont’d...)

8. Names of Deity or words related to Deity

ex: God
We will enter His kingdom

9. Adjectives derived from proper nouns

ex: J apan - Japanese
China - Chinese
Philippines - Filipino

ACTIVITY

DIRECTION: Complete the following table below by supplying the type, gender and
opposite gender (if any) of the following nouns.

OPPOSITE GENDER
NOUN TYPE GENDER EQUIVALENT
(IF ANY)

Ex: hen Common - count feminine rooster

1. girl

2. bundle

3. cow

4. Friday

5. widow

6. guest-of-honor

7. hero

8. groom

9. waltz

10. leaf

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MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS
ACTIVITY

Direction: Combine the following pair s of sentences to be one sentence. Use appr opr iate
transitional markers, write your answer on the space provided.
For example: Most people are superstitious in some way. A lot of people believe that the
number 13 is unlucky.
answer: Most people are superstitious in some way. Thus, a lot of people believe
that the number 13 is unlucky

1. Bob is an only child. He is very independent.

___________________________________________________________________________
2. You have to bring your examination card. You cannot join the exam without the examina-
tion card.
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________

3. She went to work. She didn’t want to go.

___________________________________________________________________________
4. My cat was hungry. It had not eaten since breakfast that day.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. A book can be a lot of fun. A book can be boring.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Her wallet fell to the floor. A photo of her boyfriend came out of it.
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Andy watched her favorite TV show. Andy went to bed.
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Karen and Sally are best friends. Karen and Sally have many things in common.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. They made plan to go to the beach. They couldn’t do it.
___________________________________________________________________________
10. I couldn’t sleep that night. I was too tired the next morning.
___________________________________________________________________________

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MODULE 4 TRANSITIONAL MARKERS

LET’S SUM IT UP

In this module, you learned about

 the use of signals that indicate coherence like additive - also, moreover; causative - as
a result, consequently; conditional/ concessional - otherwise, in that case, however;
sequential - to begin with, in conclusion; clarifying - for instance, in fact, in addition,
etc.
 genders of nouns such as masculine, feminine, common, and neuter
 capitalizing proper nouns

WHAT’S NEXT?

On your next module, we will discuss about the range of verbs, adjectives and ad-
verbs to convey emotional response or reaction to an issue to persuade

***

References:
ELOQUENCE (Michaela Navarro), pp. 69, 86, 93, 109, 115
Lecture notebook, SY 2019-2020, p. 10 - 11
http://englishuphfon.weebly.com/practice-using-cohesive-devices.html