GRADE 9 MATHEMATICS

rd
Lessons in 3 Quarter Lessons to be covered this 4th Quarter
 Exploring system of linear equations in two  Solving system of linear equations in two
variables. variables by elimination
 Solving system of linear equations in two  Laws of exponents
variables by graphical method.  Simplifying radicals
 Solving system of linear equations in two  Finding the product and the quotient of
variables by substitution. radicals
 Adding and subtracting radicals

THIS MODULE IS ON SOLVING SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES BY

ELIMINATION AND LAWS OF EXPONENTS
Lesson 1: SOLVING SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES BY ELIMINATION
METHOD

Consider the following system of linear equations in two variables.

y=x+1
y = -x + 5
We know that the solution to this system can be obtained graphically. The solution to a system of linear
equations in two variables can also be obtained algebraically as by the elimination method. ELIMINATION
METHOD uses addition or subtraction of the equations to get an equation with a single variable. When the
coefficients of a variable are opposite in sign, we add the equations to eliminate it. When the coefficients of a
variable are of the same sign, we get the difference between the equations to eliminate it. Study the following
examples.
Example 1.
Find the solution to the system y=x+1
y = -x +5
Steps Operation and/or Result
1. Identify the given equations Eq. (1) y = x + 1
Eq. (2) y = -x + 5

2. since x has opposite signs in the given y=x+1

system of linear equations, we add the (+) [y = -x + 5] 2y =6
equations to eliminate x
3. Solve for y. 2y 6
= y=3
2 2

4. Substitute y = 3 in Eq. (1) for x From Eq.1 y = x +1

3=x+1 x=2
5. Substitute y = 3 in Eq (2) From Eq.2 y = -x +5
3 = -x +5 x = 2 agrees
with other result

So, the solution to the system of linear equations (x, y) is (2,3).

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 Lesson 1: SOLVING SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES BY ELIMINATION
METHOD (Cont’d)
Example 2.
Find the solution to the system 2x + 3y = 6
2x – 5y = -10
Steps Operation and/or Result
2x + 3y = 6 Eq (1)
1. Identify the given equations 2x – 5y = -10 Eq (2)
2x + 3y = 6
2. Since the coefficients of x are equal, subtract (-) [2x – 5y = -10] 0 + 8y = 16
one equation from the other to eliminate x.
0+8 y 16
3. Solve for y.
= y=2
8 8
From Eq. 1
4. Substitute y = 2 in either equation to solve for x. 2x + 3(2) = 6 x=0

From Eq. 2
2x – 5(2) = -10 x=0
So, the solution to the system of linear equations is (0,2).
Example 3.
Find the solution to the system 3x + y = 7
5x – 3y = 7
Steps Operation and/or Result
solve
1. Identify the given equations 3x + y = 7 Eq (1)
5x – 3y = 7 Eq (2)
2. Multiply equation (1) with 3 to get an 3(3x + y) = 3(7) 9x + 3y = 21
equivalent linear system where we can
eliminate one of the variables by either gettingWe now have the equivalent system:
the sum or difference. 9x + 3y = 21 Eq (1) modified
5x – 3y = 7 Eq (2)
3. We add the modified system of linear equations, 9x + 3y = 21
to eliminate y. (+) [5x – 3y = 7] 14x = 28
4. Solve for x.
14 x 28
= x=2
14 14
5. Substitute x = 2 in eq. (2), solve for y. 5x – 3y = 7 5(2) – 3y = 7
10 – 3y = 7 -3y = -3 y=1
So, the solution to the system of linear equations is (2,1).

Let’s Remember
 One way to solve a system of linear equation in two variables algebraically is by using elimination method.
Elimination method uses addition or subtraction of the equations to get an equation with a single variable.
 Steps in solving system of linear equation by elimination method.
1. Identify the given equations
2. Multiply one or both equations with a constant not equal to zero to obtain an equivalent linear
system, if needed.
3. To eliminate either x or y, add the modified linear equations or subtract one from the other.
4. Solve for y if x is eliminated in step 3 or solve for x if y is eliminated in step 3.
5. Solve the remaining variable by a given equation
6. Solve the remaining variable by the other given equation 2
 SET A PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Directions: solve the following system of linear equations in two variables using elimination method. Show
your solutions in the box provided.
1) x + y = 5
x-y=1

2) 2x – y = 6
3x – 4y = 4

3) 2x + 3y = 6
x – 5y = -10

Lesson 2: LAWS OF EXPONENTS

What are Exponents?

Exponents are used to show repeated multiplication of a number by itself. For example, 7 × 7 × 7 can be
represented as 73. Here, the exponent is ‘3’ which stands for the number of times the number 7 is multiplied. 7
is the base here which is the actual number that is getting multiplied. So basically exponents or powers denotes
the number of times a number can be multiplied. If the power is 2, that means the base number is multiplied two
times with itself. Some other examples are:

 3 4 = 3×3×3×3
 10 5 = 10×10×10×10×10
 16 3 = 16 × 16 × 16
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 Lesson 2: LAWS OF EXPONENTS (Cont’d)

Law 1: Product with the Same Bases

As per this law, for any non-zero term a,

 am×an = am+n
where m and n are real numbers.
Example 1: What is the simplification of 55 × 51 ?
Solution: 55 × 51 = 55+1 = 56
Example 2: What is the simplification of (−6)-4 × (−6)-7?
Solution: (−6)-4 × (−6)-7 = (-6)-4-7 = (-6)-11
Note: We can state that the law is applicable for negative terms also. Therefore the term m and n can be
any integer.

Law 2: Quotient with Same Bases

As per this rule,

am m−n
 n
=a
a

where a is a non-zero term and m and n are integers.

Example 1: Find the value when 10-5 is divided by 10-3.
Solution: As per the question:
10−5  
10−3
= 10-5-(-)3
= 10-5+3
= 10-2
1
=
100

Law 3: Power Raised to a Power

According to this law, if ‘a’ is the base, then the power raised to the power of base ‘a’ gives the product
of the powers raised to the base ‘a’, such as:

 (am)n = amn
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 where a is a non-zero term and m and n are integers.
Lesson 2: LAWS OF EXPONENTS (cont’d)
Example 4: Express 83 as a power with base 2.
Solution: We have, 2×2×2 = 8 = 23
Therefore, 83= (23)3 = 29
Law 4: Product to a Power
As per this rule, for two or more different bases, if the power is same, then;

 an bn = (ab)n
where a is a non-zero term and n is the integer.
1
Example 5: Simplify and write the exponential form of: × 5-3
8
1
Solution: We can write, = 2-3
8
Therefore, 2-3 × 5-3 = (2 × 5)-3 = 10-3

Law 5: Quotient to a Power

As per this law, the fraction of two different bases with the same power is represented as;

an a n
  
=
bn b ()
where a and b are non-zero terms and n is an integer.
153
Example 6: Simplify the expression and find the value:
53
Solution: We can write the given expression as;
15 3 3
( ) = 3  = 27
5

Law 6: Zero Power

According to this rule, when the power of any integer is zero, then its value is equal to 1, such as;
a0 = 1
where ‘a’ is any non-zero term.
Example 7: What is the value of 50 + 22 + 40 + 71 – 31 ?
Solution: 50 + 22 + 40 + 71 – 31 = 1+4+1+7-3= 10

Law 7: Negative Exponent Rule

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 According to this rule, if the exponent is negative, we can change the exponent into positive by writing
the same value in the denominator and the numerator holds the value 1. The negative exponent rule is
given as:
1
a-m =
am
Lesson 2: LAWS OF EXPONENTS (cont’d)

Example 8: 
Find the value of 2-2
Solution:
Here, the exponent is a negative value (i.e., -2)
1
Thus, 2-2 can be written as
22
1
2-2 =
22
1
2-2 =
4
In other words, we can say that, if “a” is a non-zero number or non-zero rational number, we can say
that a-m is the reciprocal of am.

SET B PRACTICE PROBLEMS

Directions: evaluate the following expression using law of exponents. Leave your answer in exponential form.
Show your answer below each item.

1. 2 3 × 2 5
4 2
4. ( )
7

2. 5 0 + 2 -2
5. 9 × (5 4 ÷ 5 2)

3. 4(9 2) 4 (2+1)7
6.
(1+2)4

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THE NEXT LESSON WILL BE ON FRACTIONAL EXPONENTS AND RADICALS