INTRODUCTION

 Seeing you as part if the 21st century world, means you dwell and
connect more with a technology-driven, diverse, and quickly changing
“horizontal world”
 As your E-world evolves preparation for this fast paced humanity
of problem solving, collaboration, and analysis – as well as skills
with processing, hypertext, LCDs, Webcams, Podcast, Smart
boards, and social networking software – central to individual and
academic success.
 The emergence of new literacies along side with research on
electronic reading and the 4Cs of the 21st century skills.
 Critical Thinking
 Communication
 Creativity
 Collaboration
 Critical Thinking
 Involves logical thinking and reasoning including skills such as
comparison, classification, sequencing, cause/effect, patterning,
webbing, analogies, deductive and inductive reasoning, forecasting,
planning, hypothesizing, and critiquing.
 Today’s students need to develop Critical Thinking skills by learning to:
 Use different kinds of reasoning, such as deductive and inductive, to
understand a situation.
 Analyze complex systems and understand how their interconnected parts
support the systems.
 Gather relevant information.
 Ask important questions that clarify points of view and help solve problems.
Make decisions by selecting appropriate criteria and identifying alternatives to
make reliable choices.
Communication
 Expressing thoughts clearly, crisply articulating opinions,
communicating coherent instructions, motivating others
through powerful speech.
 To build effective Communication Skills students must
learn to:
 Communicate using digital media and environments to
support personal and group learning.
 Share information efficiently and effectively using
appropriate digital media and environments.
 Communicate thoughts and ideas clearly and
effectively to different audiences using various media
and formats.
 Creativity
 The ability to produce new, diverse and unique ideas.
Thinking creatively means looking at things from a different
perspective and not be restricted by rules, customs, or norms.
 To build effective Creatively Skills students must learn to:
 Use a wide range of idea creation techniques (such as
brainstorming)
 Create new and worthwhile ideas (both incremental and
radical concepts)
 Elaborate, refine, analyze and evaluate their own ideas in
order to improve and maximize creative efforts
 Act on creative ideas to make a tangible and useful
contribution to the field in which the innovation will occur
 Collaboration

 When two or more people work together to

accomplish a shared goal
 To build good Collaboration Skills, students must learn
to:
 Work effectively with different groups of people, including
people from diverse cultures.
 Be flexible and willing to compromise with team members to
reach a common goal.
 Demonstrate responsibility as a team member working
toward a shared goal.
 READING CULTURE

 Reading has social impact to a learning culture. So

much of human culture, history, and knowledge
are based around reading. There are many superb
things about modern technology which gives so
many flavors to reading. You can now download
apps to help you do routine and monitoring your
lifestyle. A lot more can be learned from healthy
and productive reading.
LETS PLAY “DETECTIVE RIDDLES”
 First, Read aloud the riddle.

 Second, Identify the meaning of the underlined word.

 Third, support your answer.

 Fourth, If possible, Solve the mystery.

DANGEROUS DRINKS
LOVE AT A FUNERAL
 MAX IT OUT
Text book writers usually know when they must use a word
that will be new to you as a reader. So they often include
other words or phrases to help with the understanding of a
new word. These words or phrases are referred to as context
clues. They are built into the sentences around the difficult
word. If you encounter in your reading, you will save
yourself many trips to the dictionary. You will be able to
make logical guesses about the meaning of many words.
Context Clues
 Function;
 Context clues can help you figure out the meaning of a word or
phrase you don’t know. These clues can be found in the words and
sentences surrounding the unknown word or phrase. As a reader,
there are many kinds of context clues that you can look for when
trying to figure out unfamiliar text.

 Description;
 Context Clues are hints that the author gives to help define a
difficult or unusual word.
 i.e. Hints, clues, indicators, signs, signals, guides
 CLUE Definition or
Descriptive
No. 1 Clues

Example CLUE
Clues No. 2

CLUE Cause/Effect
Relationship
No. 3 Clues

Comparison CLUE
and Contras
Clues No. 4

CLUE Analysis or
Structure
No. 5 Clues
Clue No. 1: Definition or Description
 The new term may be formally defined, or
sufficient explanation may be given within
the sentence or in the following sentence.
Clues to definition include “that is”,
commas, dashes, and parentheses.

Definition is a statement of the exact meaning of a word

 Acy’s grandfather suffers from bursitis, which is an inflammation on an area in
the joint that contains a lubricating fluid.

 His emaciation, that is, his skeleton-like appearance, was frightening to see.

 Direction: Read aloud. Identify the uncommon word and the clues used in the
sentence.
 Something in the refrigerator has a putrid odor, the smell was rotten when we
opened the door.

 The dudeen – a short-stemmed clay pipe – is found in Irish folk tales.

Clue No. 2: Example
 Sometimes when a reader finds a new
word, an example might be found nearby
that helps to explain its meaning. Some
words that signal examples are such as,
other, include, these, and for example.

 is a thing characterizing its kind or illustrating a

general rule.
 My father planted many coniferous tress around the park, including pines,
firs, and spruces.

 Piscatorial creatures, such as flounder, salmon, and trout, live in the coldest
part of the ocean.

 Direction: Read aloud. Identify the uncommon word and the clues used in the
sentence.
 Celestial bodies, including the sun, moon, and stars, have fascinated man
through the centuries.

 In the course of man’s evolution, certain organs have atrophied. The

appendix, for example, has wasted away from disuse.
Clue No. 3: Cause/Effect Relationship
 The author explains the reason for or the
result of the word. Words like because,
since, therefore, thus, so, “in order to”
etc. may signal context clues.

The principle of causation. The operation or relation of

a cause and its effect.

Billy thumped the monitor ________________________ .

 Alodia wanted to impress all her dinner guests with the food she served, so she carefully
studied the necessary culinary arts.

 Atty. Che V. Librero needs to negotiate so that she can resolve the case for her business
clients.

 Direction: Read aloud. Identify the uncommon word and the clues used in the sentence.
 Three hundred years of peace ended in darkness and confusion. Such are the vicissitudes of
history thus nothing remains the same.

 We knew he couldn’t hold out much longer, because he had been doomed from the beginning.
One night he met his ineluctable fate.
Clue No. 4: Comparison and Contrast
 Sometimes you can tell the meaning of an
unfamiliar word when it is compared or
contrasted to something familiar. Context
clues that show comparison include like,
as, similar, and in the same way. Contrast
way be signaled by words such as but,
although, however, and on the other hand.
 Tropical countries have usually a temperate season, unlike the extreme
summers and winters.

 Pearl’s cheerful face was luminous, like the rays of the crimson sun.

 Direction: Read aloud. Identify the uncommon word and the clues used in the
sentence.
 When the light brightens, the pupils of the eyes contract; however, when it
grows darker, they dilate.

 The children were as different as day and night. He was a lively

conversationalist, but she was reserved and taciturn.
Clue No. 5: Analysis or Structure
 The parts used to construct a word can be direct
clues to meaning. Knowledge of prefixes, roots,
and suffixes can aid a reader in using this type of
context clues.
 Root is a word that does not have a prefix in front of
the word or a suffix at the end of the word.
 Prefix are added to the beginning of words
 Suffix are added at the end of words
 Addition; Infixes are added in the middle

Affix, a grammatical element that is combined with a word, stem, or phrase

to produce derived or inflected forms. There are three main types of
affixes: prefixes, infixes, and suffixes.
Unfamiliar
Prefixes Infixes Suffixes Root
Word

Prepay Pre- pay

Movement -ment Move

Unlikely Un- -ly like

Trainable -able Train

passersby -s by passer

Tumakbo -um Takbo

Table 1.1 – the 20 Most Common Prefixes
Prefix Meaning Examples
Anti-trust,anti-knock
Anti- Against
etc.
De- From, away Debug, defog etc.
Table 1.2 – the 20 Most Common Prefixes
Dis- Apart from, not Disarm, disbar, etc.
En-, Em- In Enact, enclose etc.
In front of, Prefix Meaning Examples
Fore- Foresee, forego etc.
before Semicircle, semisoft
Semi- Half, partly
In-, Im-, Ir-, Invisible, improbable etc.
Not
Il- etc.
Sub- Under, inferior Subplot, subzero etc.
In-,Im- In or into Inborn, inward etc.
Superman, superfine
Between, Interact, intermix Super- Above, in addition
Inter- etc.
among etc.
Mid- Middle Midair, midday etc. Trans- Across, through Transact, transport etc.

Mis- Wrong, bad, not Misfit, misplace etc. Un- Not Uncut, unfit etc.
Non- Not Nonfat, nonskid etc. Underage, underpay
Too-, little
Overage, overdue etc.
Over- Too much
etc.
In front of,
Pre- Precut, premix etc.
before
Re- Back, again Rearm, retell etc.
Table 2 – The 20 Most Common Prefix
Prefix Meaning Examples
Aud Hear audible, auditorium etc.
automobile, autograph
Auto Self
etc.
Bio life, living biology, biography etc.
Bred belief, faith credit, incredible etc.
Dict say, speak, tell dictionary, dictate etc.
duc, duct lead, bring, take cunduct, induce etc.
fac, fic make, do manufature, factory etc.
fid, fidel belief, trust, faith confide, fidelity etc.
flect, flex bend, curve etc. flexible, reflection
marriage, union
gam, gamy monogamous, bigamist
etc.
gen, gene origin, race etc. generation, generic etc.
Ject throw, hurl reject, projectile etc.
Junct join, unite juncture, conjuction etc.
leg, lex Law legal, legitimate etc.
Man hand, make, do manufature, manual etc.
mit, miss send, put remit, emission etc.
pel, puls push, drive repel, impulse etc.
Port Carry support, portable etc.
pos, pon place, put pose, position etc.
spec, spi see, look inspect, spectacle etc.
 Table 3 – The 20 Most Common Suffix
Suffix Meaning Examples
al, ial relating to bridal, global etc.
Ed past tense played, jumped etc.
En relating to liken, ripen etc.
er, or one who painter, player etc.
er, or Comparative quicker, higher etc.
Est most (comparative) biggest, slowest etc.
Ful quality of artful, joyful etc.
ble,able able to, quality of readable, eatable etc.
Ic like, pretaining to historic, scenic etc.
Ing Ongoing reading, listening etc.
ion, ation, ition,
act or state of action, addition etc.
tion
ity,ty state or quality of dirty, dusty etc.
tending to, relating
ive, ative, iti creative, active etc.
to
Less Without joyless, aimless etc.
Ly in the manner of friendly, badly etc.
Ment result or state of payment, argument etc.
Ness quality of fitness, illness etc.
ous, eous, ious full of, state of studious, joyous etc.
s, es Plural toys, houses etc.
Y quality , full of ability, muddy etc.