HC110110032 Introducing IPv6 Networks

Introducing IPv6 Networks
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
 With the gradual exhaustion of the IPv4 address space, new solutions for continued address
space were needed. Temporary measures in the form of NAT were applied, however long ter
m solutions were required. The IPv6 addressing architecture is a developing solution for IP t
o provide for the next generation of networks and beyond. The transition to an all IPv6 archi
tecture, while progressive, requires a major overhaul of many protocols and applications as
well as standards. The IPv6 network however aims to resolve many limitations within the cur
rent TCP/IP suite, most notably addressing the need for integrated security measures and th
e streamlining of protocols to minimize overhead. A deep knowledge of the IPv6 architectur
e is required by engineers as IPv6 continues to evolve as an integral part of the enterprise n
etwork.
age 2 Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
 Upon completion of this section, you will be able to:
 Explain the characteristics of IPv6.
 Explain the IPv6 address format and addressing types.
 Describe the process for IPv6 stateless address auto-configuration.
IPv6 Addressing
Version Address size Total Number of Addresses
IPv4 32 bit 4,294,967,296
IPv6 128 bit 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
 Exhaustion of the limited IPv4 address space.

 IPv6 addressing implemented to resolve address shortages.
IPv6 Header Format
IPv6 TCP Data
0 4 12 31
Version Traffic Class Flow Label
Payload Length Next Header Hop limit
Source Address (128bits)
 IPv6 header has been streamlined

Destinationto reduce
Address (128bits)overhead.
IPv6 Extension Header
IPv6 Fragment TCP Data
0x06(TCP) Reserved Fragment Offset Resv. M
Identification
 Extension headers are used to support parameters that are not required in
every IP packet, such as fragmentation and IPSec.
IPv6 Address Architecture
2001:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx
0010 0000 0000 0001
128bits
2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0346:8D58
 IPv6 address consistsIPv6

ofPrefix
a prefix and Interface
an interface
ID
identifier.
 Addresses are commonly displayed in hexadecimal format.
IPv6 Address Condensing
2001:0DB8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0346:8D58
2001:DB8:0:0:0:0:346:8D58
 Addresses can be condensed by removing the leading zeroes.

2001:DB8::346:8D58
 The :: operator will further condense strings of zero values.
IPv6 Address Reservations
Address Range Description
2000::/3 Current Global Unicast Range
2001:0DB8::/32 Reserved for Documentation
FE80::/10 Link Local Unicast Address Range
FF00::/8 Multicast Address Range
::/128 Unspecified Address

 Address ranges have been allocated in IPv6 for unicast and multicast, along
with special addresses
::1/128for operational support.
Loopback Address
IPv6 Addressing – Unicast
48 bits 16 bits 64bits
Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID
2001:0:130F::9C0:876A:130B
10bits 54bits 64bits
1111111010 0 Interface ID
 Global unicast address prefixes are used for public networks.
 Prefix ranges are reserved forFE80::387F:10FE:BE28
various IP transmission methods.
IPv6 Addressing – Multicast
8bits 4bits 4bits 112bits
11111111 Flags Scope Group ID
Address Range Description
FF02::1 All Nodes Addresses (Link Local)

 Multicast addressesFF02::2
are distinguished byAddresses
All Routers an FF00::/8 prefix.
(Link Local)
 Select multicast address groups are reserved for protocol use.
IPv6 Addressing – Anycast
Zone X HTTP
2001:0DB8::84C2
HTTP
 Anycast allows multiple instances of a service to be associated

2001:0DB8::84C2 with a single
address, enabling
Zone Y a variety of service applications.
IPv6 Stateless Address Auto-configuration
ICMP TYPE = 134
Source = Router-Link-Local Address
Destination = FF02::1 (All-Nodes)
Data = Lifetime, Current Hop
Limit, AutoConfig Flag.
Options(Prefix, MTU)…
Router Advertisement(RA)
Router Solicitation (RS)
 Hosts are ICMP

capable of generating IPv6 addresses independently.
TYPE = 133
Destination = FF02::2 (All-Routers)
 Router Advertisements deliver network parameter information.
EUI-64 for IP Stateless Address Auto-configuration
48-bit MAC address

24bits 24bits
cccccc0gcccccccc cccccccc eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
EUI-64 generated interface ID

24bits 16bits 24bits
cccccc1gcccccccc cccccccc 11111111 11111110 eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
 A host MAC address is injected with 16 bit ‘FF’ ’FE’ values, as well as the 7th
bit is negated, to generate a 64-bit interface identifier for the IPv6 address.
IPv6 Stateless Address Auto-configuration DAD
ICMP TYPE = 135

Source = ::
Destination = FF02::1:FF00:1
Data = 2000::1
Query = Is this address in use?
2000::1
Neighbor Solicitation (NS) Neighbor Advertisement(NA)
2000::1
(tentative) ICMP TYPE = 136
Source = 2000::1
 Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) isDestination
used in IPv6 to verify that
= FF02::1 an address
is unique before it is applied to the host interface.
Data = 2000::1
Reply = I am using this address.
Summary
 What is the smallest condensed IPv6 value possible for the address 2001:0DB8:0
000:0000:0000:0000:032A:2D70
 How is it possible for an end station to independently generate an IPv6 address
?
Thank You
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Introducing IPv6 Networks

Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Version Address size Total Number of Addresses

IPv4 32 bit 4,294,967,296

IPv6 128 bit 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456

 Exhaustion of the limited IPv4 address space.

IPv6 TCP Data

Version Traffic Class Flow Label

Payload Length Next Header Hop limit

Source Address (128bits)

 IPv6 header has been streamlined

IPv6 Fragment TCP Data

0x06(TCP) Reserved Fragment Offset Resv. M

0010 0000 0000 0001

 IPv6 address consistsIPv6

 Addresses can be condensed by removing the leading zeroes.

Address Range Description

2000::/3 Current Global Unicast Range

2001:0DB8::/32 Reserved for Documentation

FE80::/10 Link Local Unicast Address Range

FF00::/8 Multicast Address Range

::/128 Unspecified Address

Global Routing Prefix Subnet ID Interface ID

10bits 54bits 64bits

8bits 4bits 4bits 112bits

11111111 Flags Scope Group ID

Address Range Description

FF02::1 All Nodes Addresses (Link Local)

 Anycast allows multiple instances of a service to be associated

Router Solicitation (RS)

 Hosts are ICMP

48-bit MAC address

cccccc0gcccccccc cccccccc eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

EUI-64 generated interface ID

cccccc1gcccccccc cccccccc 11111111 11111110 eeeeeeee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

ICMP TYPE = 135

Neighbor Solicitation (NS) Neighbor Advertisement(NA)

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