Buffer

Pengajar: Riswan S.Sianturi Ph.D

Source: http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/tools/analysis-toolbox/buffer.htm
Buffer

• Creates buffer polygons

around input features to a
specified distance.
• The buffer routine
traverses each of the
input feature's vertices
and creates buffer
offsets.
• Output buffer features
are created from
those offsets.
Aplikasi Buffer?

 Sempadan
 Sungai
 Jalan
 Daerah terdampak fenomena tertentu
 Mati lampu
 Tingkat rawan bencana
 Batasan wilayah
 Wilayah territorial laut
 Daerah aman objek vital negara
 Contoh lain dalam bidan Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota?
 Description of buffer distance
 The buffer distance parameter can be entered as a fixed value or as a field
containing numeric values.
Example 1: Fixed distance Buffer of a line feature class
• a distance of 20
• an end type of FLAT
• a side type of FULL
• a dissolve type of ALL.

Example 2: Distance from field Buffer of a line feature class

• 10, 20, and 30 for distance,
• an end type of FLAT,
• a side type of FULL,
• a dissolve type of ALL.
Buffer - Method
 Method determines how buffers are constructed
 Euclidean
 measure distance in a two-dimensional Cartesian plane, where straight-line or Euclidean
distances are calculated between two points on a flat surface (the Cartesian plane).
 the more common type of buffer and work well when analyzing distances around features in a
projected coordinate system, which are concentrated in a relatively small area (such as one
UTM zone).
 Geodesic
 those that account for the actual shape of the earth (an ellipsoid, or more properly, a geoid).
 Distances are calculated between two points on a curved surface (the geoid) as opposed to
two points on a flat surface (the Cartesian plane)
 Consider creating geodesic buffers
 input features are dispersed (cover multiple UTM zones, large regions, or even the whole globe).
 The spatial reference (map projection) of input features distorts distances in order to preserve
other properties such as area.
UTM Zones
 Surabaya terletak di zona UTM berapa?
Buffer - Method

 TheMethod parameter determines how buffers are

created.
 Planar is the default option.
 will automatically determine which method to use based on the
coordinate system of the Input Features.
 Ifthe input features have a projected coordinate system  Euclidean
buffers will be created.
 Ifthe input features have a geographic coordinate system and you
specify a Buffer Distance in linear units (meters, feet, and so forth, as
opposed to angular units such as degrees)  geodesic buffers will be
created.
 One can improve the accuracy of buffers created with projected inputs by
using a projection that minimizes distance distortion, such as an Equidistant
Conic or an Azimuthal Equidistant projection
Buffer - Method

 TheMethod parameter determines how buffers are

created.
 Geodesic
 The shape-preserving geodesic buffer densifies the input features
prior to creating the output geodesic buffers in order to create
buffers that more closely represent the input features shape.
 If you are concerned about the shape of your buffers and how
closely their shape matches the original input features, it is
recommended you investigate using this option, particularly when
your input data is in a geographic coordinate system.
 In some cases this may take more time than the geodesic
buffer created using the Planar option, but the result is a buffer
that more accurately matches the shape of the input feature.
Buffer – Method Geodesic
Geodesic buffer example
• The goal  to compare 1,000 kilometer geodesic and Euclidean buffers of a number of select world
cities.
• Geodesic buffers were generated by buffering a point feature class with a geographic coordinate
system,
• Euclidean buffers were generated by buffering a point feature class with a projected coordinate
system (in both the projected and unprojected datasets the points represent the same cities).

• When working with a dataset in one of

the common projected coordinate
systems for the whole world, such as
Mercator, projection distortion may be
minimal near the equator, but significant
near the poles.
• With any type of analysis of distance on
a global scale geodesic buffers should be
used as they will be accurate in all areas
while Euclidean buffers will not be
accurate in high distortion areas.
 Latihan

Incorrect Correct
Buffer

 Pertanyaan
 Sebutkan 10 negara mana yang tidak terancam misil korea utara!
 Coba buat contoh Buffer Euclidian untuk data yang sama.
Thiessen Polygon
 Thiessen Polygon
• This tool is used to divide the area covered by the input point features into
Thiessen or proximal zones.
• These zones represent full areas where any location within the zone is
closer to its associated input point than to any other input point.

• Thiessen proximal polygons are constructed

as follows:
• All points are triangulated into a
triangulated irregular network (TIN) that
meets the Delaunay criterion.
• The perpendicular bisectors for each
triangle edge are generated, forming the
edges of the Thiessen polygons. The
location at which the bisectors intersect
determine the locations of the Thiessen
polygon vertices.
Thiessen Polygon

 Latihan membuat Thiessen Polygon dengan data

 Pertanyaan
 Berapa area yang direpresentasikan masing-masing titik?
Near Tool
Near Tool

 Latihan jarak waduk ke bendungan terdekat

 Pertanyaan
 Berapa jarak terdekat dari waduk ke bendungan?
 Berapa Jarak terjauh dari waduk ke bendungan?
Terima kasih