INTRODUCTION

TO COUNSELING
DIZON
DOLOT
VYAS
WANNOPAT
OBJECTIVES:

1. To give an overview of counseling

2. To identify people who will benefit from counseling
3. To discuss the different functions of counseling.
4. To discuss the different phases of counseling
5. To enumerate and discuss the different basic skills in counseling.
COUNSELING

■ PROFESSIONAL GUIDANCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL BY UTILIZING

PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS, GIVING ADVICE AND SUPPORT TO PEOPLE TO
HELP THEM DEAL WITH PROBLEMS AND MAKE IMPORTANT DECISIONS
TWO REASONS WHY PATIENTS
SOUGHT CONSULT
■ PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS

■ ANXIETY OR PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPACT

Why deal with the emotional impact of
the illness?
■ Anxious patients have difficulty absorbing the physical attempts to educate them
■ The greater the anxiety, the less chance there is for the explanations to register in the
mind of the patients
Why deal with the anxiety first?

■ It must be remembered that emotions are rooted in the patients’ perceptions about the
reality they are experiencing
■ By listening to the emotions and probing the perceptions behind them - the physician
can work backwards from the anxiety to the perception that has caused it
■ If such a perception is incongruent with reality as the physician perceives it or if it is a
misperception, the doctors can immediately intervene by correcting the misperception,
hence allaying the anxiety and comforting the patients, as well as educating them
Who can benefit from counseling?

● Not mobilizing their energies

● Not solving problems which they have the resources to solve
● Having clouded thinking
● Not making a necessary decision
● Not responding to usual motivators
● Engaging in self-defeating behavior
● Unusually troubled, tense, or anxious
● Noticing a change in behavior
● Unaware of the consequences of their behavior
Functions of Counseling:

● Education

● Prevention

● Support

● Challenge
Functions of Counseling:

■ EDUCATION
- Educational function of counseling brings the family physician’s knowledge to bear in
such areas as family dynamics, child development, stresses during the life cycle and
mental and physical illness.
■ PREVENTION
- Avoiding problems encountered during the life cycle
Functions of Counseling:

■ SUPPORT
- Helping the patient through a difficult time by being available, listening attentively,
helping them express their feelings, showing one’s concern and letting them take
responsibility for the resolution of the difficulty.
■ CHALLENGE
- “ To comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable”
Phases of Counseling: THE CEA
METHOD
Phases of Counseling:

■ CATHARCIS
Phases of Counseling:

■ EDUCATION
Phases of Counseling:

■ ACTION
APPROACHES IN DOING
COUNSELLING
■ DIRECTIVE OR COUNSELLOR-CENTERED

-simplest
-counsellor give advices, make decision based on what she thinks is the best
-expects the client to follow her advices
-completely directed by counsellor
APPROACHES IN DOING
COUNSELLING
■ NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING OR CLIENT-CENTERED
- Counsellor is passively mainly listener
- Client is active, expresses herself freely and tells the counsellor what she wants
- After careful reflection and clarification, she makes her own decision2
APPROACHES IN DOING
COUNSELLING
■ NON AUTHORITARIAN STYLE
- Neither counsellor nor client controlled
- Methods of counselling may change from client-client or even with the same client
from time to time
- Highly flexible
- Freedom of choice and expression is open to both the counsellor and client
Pitfalls in Counseling:

■ EMOTIONAL STRESS
- Emotionally-draining
- The physician counselor must be able to bracket so as not to inject his own emotional
problems into the case at hand.
■ Rescue game
- Should ask the consent of his patients prior to counseling
■ Obsessions of achievement
THANK YOU