Topics Covered:

 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)

 Necessity of NDT in Industry
 Industrial Radiography
 What is Computed Radiography?
 Working of Computed Radiography
 Advantages of Computed Radiography
 New Possibilities with Digital Images
 Need of Computed Radiography at ICF
 Comparison of Film and Computed Radiography
 Equipment Details
 Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
 A wide group of analysis techniques used in science and technology
industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system
without causing damage.

 Most Common NDT Methods

1. Visual Inspection
2. Liquid Penetrant Test (LPT)
3. Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPT)
4. Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
5. Eddy Current
6. Radiographic Testing (RT)
 Necessity of NDT in Industry
Jobs under test

 Are too precious to be destroyed

 To be reused after inspection

 Are in service

 Is for quality control purpose

 Industrial Radiography
 A method of non-destructive testing where many types of manufactured
components can be examined to verify the internal structure and
integrity of the specimen.
 It can be performed utilizing either X-rays or gamma rays. Both are
forms of electromagnetic radiation.
 X-rays and gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and this property
leads to the ability to penetrate through various materials such as carbon
steel and other metals.
 What is Computed Radiography?
 The digital replacement of conventional film radiography, offers enormous
advantages for inspection tasks.

 Instead of film, an imaging plate is exposed to X-ray or gamma radiation.

 The imaging plate is digitized by the scanner and then erased for immediate
reuse.

 The digital image is then displayed on a computer monitor for evaluation

with specialized software
 CR SCANNER
IMAGING PLATES
HD CR35 NDT PLUS (DÜRR, GERMANY)
 Working of Computed Radiography
 In computed radiography, when imaging plates are exposed to X-rays or
gamma rays, the energy of the incoming radiation is stored in a special
phosphor layer.

 A specialized machine known as a scanner is then used to read out the latent
image from the plate by stimulating it with a very finely focused laser beam.

 When stimulated, the plate emits blue light with intensity proportional to the
amount of radiation received during the exposure.
Working of Computed Radiography
 The light is then detected by a highly sensitive analogue device known
as a photomultiplier (PMT) and converted to a digital signal using an
analogue-to digital converter (ADC).
 The generated digital X-ray image can then be viewed on a computer
monitor and evaluated.
 After an imaging plate is read, it is erased by a high-intensity light
source and can immediately be re-used.
 The imaging plates can typically be used up to 1000 times or more
depending on the application.
 Lack of Fusion Lack of Penetration
Porosities

Inclusions
 Advantages of Computed Radiography
 Imaging plates are reusable

 No darkroom or chemicals needed

 Reduction in exposure and processing time

 Software-based evaluation and reporting

 Simple digital information exchange and archiving

 More details are visible and analysable with computed radiography

due to a higher dynamic range when compared to film.
 New Possibilities with Digital Images
 Digital magnification allows better detail viewing
 Image optimization with specialized filters for improved defect
detection
 Histogram adjustment for optimal viewing
 Annotation, drawing and Special analysis tools
 Simple report generation
 Standardized data exchange via the DICONDE format
 Global data exchange via a local network and/or the Internet
 Digital archiving and backup
Need of Computed Radiography at ICF
 Until ISO:3834 certification for the welding process, the requirement of
radiographic quality weld was according to standard ASTM E-390.
 The evaluation of radiographs to the requirement of ASTM E-390 is a
Qualitative Evaluation. i.e Comparison of job radiographs with a standard
reference radiographs.
 After ISO:3834 certification, the requirement of radiographic quality weld
was revised to ISO:5817, which requires a Quantitative Evaluation of Welds.
i.e the dimensions of the imperfections and distance between two
imperfections are to be measured and suitability of the weld is assessed.
Need of Computed Radiography at ICF
 The size of the imperfections are very small and the quantitative
estimation of imperfections can be done only on a digital image with
the help of special software.
 The computed radiography produces digital image of the weld and
hence it can be evaluated to ISO:5817.
 The film processing chemicals and plastic films are completely
eliminated and the environmental issues are effectively addressed.
 Comparison of
Film and Computed Radiography
CHARACTERISTICS FILM RADIOGRAPHY COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY
EXPOSURE MEDIUM FILM IMAGING PLATES (REUSABLE)
PROCESSING DARKROOM AND CHEMICALS DARKROOM OR CHEMICALS ARE
ARE REQUIRED NOT REQUIRED
PROCESSING TIME 30 MINUTES 1-3 MINUTES
EVALUATION FILM VIEWER COMPUTER WITH
VIEWER/ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
ARCHIVING FILM ARCHIVE ROOM (HUMIDITY PC, CLOUD, REMOTE NETWORK
AND TEMPERATURE SERVER
CONTROLLED
AVAILABILTY UNIQUE MASTER COPY UNLIMITED COPIES WITH
POSSIBILITY TO ACCESS FROM
ANY LOCATION
EXPOSURE TIME 100% 40%
 Equipment Details
1 Equipment Computed Radiographic System
2 Model HD-CR 35 NDT PLUS
3 Make DÜRR NDT, Germany
4 Supplied by M/S Blue Star Engineering and
Electronics, Chennai
5 P.O No. 01/17/8019/5107/S,
Dt 13/03/2018
6 Cost ₹35,40,000/-
7 Commissioned on 29/03/2018