‫الهداف التدريسية الخاصة‪ :‬سيكون الطالب في‬

‫نهاية المحاضرة قادرا على ان‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬يتعرف على بعض فوائد استخدام‬
‫الطالب كيفية حصول عملية االحتراق‬ ‫‪ .2‬يميز‬
‫الكونكريت‪.‬‬
‫وارتفاع درجة الحرارة‪.‬‬
‫‪.3‬يتعرف الطالب على الحاالت التي يمر بها‬
‫اثناء ارتفاع درجات الحرارة‪.‬الكونكريت‬
 ADVANTEGES OF CONCRETE
1- Economical in long run compared to
other engineering material (low cost)
2- Corrosive & the weathering effects
are minimal.
3- Can be sprayed on & filled the cracks
for repairing process.
4- Durable & fire resistant & requires little
maintenance.
5- Protection of embedded steel
•Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement,
sand, gravel and water.
•Often used as a fire resistive protection
for structural steel (reinforced concrete).

•May crack or spall if heated, indication

of damage & reduced strength.
•Heating may cause bond between steel
and concrete to fail.

•Concrete tends to absorb and retain heat.

A standard compartment
fire
A: Oxygen drawn in to feed fire
B: Smoke plume rising
C: If the flames reach the ceiling
they will spread out and
increase the heat radiation
downward
D: Smoke layer forming below
ceiling and descending
E: Heat radiated downward
onto surface contents
Temperature (°C) What happens
1000
Air temperatures in fires rarely exceed this level, but
900 flame temperatures can rise to 1200°C and beyond.
800
700
600
Above this temperature, concrete is not functioning
at its full structural capacity.
Cement-based materials experience considerable
550 - 600 creep and lose their loadbearing capacity.
400
300
Strength loss starts, but in reality only the first few
centimeters of concrete exposed to a fire will get any hotter
than this, and internally the temperature is well below this.

250 -
Some spalling may take place, with pieces of
concrete breaking away from the surface.
0420
-250 Increasing in concrete strength or no effect
 TEMPER-
Material EXAMPLES CONDITION ATURE
Foam insulation; light
Softens (50 to 60 °C)
shades; handles
Polystyrene
Curtain hooks; radio
Melts and flows (120 °C)
containers
Bags; film Shrivels (49 °C)
Polyethylene
Bottles; buckets Softens and melts (66 °C)
Melts, flows
Vinyl-based paints Structural steel paint (120 °C)
bubbles, or burns
Melts, flows,
Polyethylene pipes Water and waste pipes (190 °C)
bubbles, or burns
Sharp edges
Plumbing lead; flashing;
Lead rounded or drops (300 to 350 °C)
storage batteries
formed
Plumbing fixtures;
Zinc flashing; galvanized Drops formed (400 °C)
surfaces
Small machine parts;
Aluminum brackets; toilet fixtures; Drops formed (650 °C)
cooking utensils
 TEMPER-
Material EXAMPLES CONDITION
ATURE
Softened or
adherent (700 to 750 °C)
Glass block; jars and
Molded glass bottles; tumblers; solid Rounded (750 °C)
ornaments Thoroughly (800 °C)
Softened or
(700 to 750 °C)
adherent
Window glass; plate
Sheet glass Rounded (800 °C)
glass; reinforced glass
Thoroughly
(850 °C)
flowed
Jewelry; table ware;
Silver Drops formed (950 °C)
coins
Door knobs; furniture Sharp edges
Brass knobs; locks; lamp rounded or drops (900 to 1000 °C)
Fixture; buckles formed

Window frames; art Sharp edges rounded

Bronze (1000 °C)
objects or drops formed
THANKS FOR
LISTENING