Grade 9 Science

Unit 1: Atoms,
Elements, and
Compounds
Grade 9 Science... Unit
1
Chapter 1: Atomic
theory explains the
composition and
behaviour of matter.
Section 1-1
Safety in the Science
Classroom
•Safety MUST be your top
priority.
•Know safety rules before
you do the lab and use
them while doing the lab.
 Laboratory
Complete activity 1-1A
pg. 9Safety
 Safety Rules for the
Science Lab
pages 10-11
General
Glassware
Chemicals
Hot plates and open
flames
Electrical equipment
WHMIS... Page 12
W workplace
H hazardous
M materials
I information
S system
Hazard Symbols... Page
13
Dangerous Dangerous
Container Contents
 Product
Symbol The Danger
Examples
This container can
•water repellant for
explode if it's heated or
shoes or boots in an
Explosive punctured. Flying pieces of
aerosol container
metal or plastic can cause
•spray paint in an
serious injuries, especially
aerosol container
to the eyes.
This product will burn skin
Corrosive or eyes on contact, or •toilet bowl cleaner
throat and stomach if •oven cleaner
swallowed.
This product, or its fumes,
Flammable will catch fire easily if it's •contact adhesives
near heat, flames or •gasoline
sparks.
Licking, eating, drinking, or
•windshield washer
Poison sometimes smelling, this
fluid
product will cause illness
•furniture polish
or death.
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet

- A document that contains information

on the potential hazards (health, fire,
reactivity and environmental) and how
to work safely with a chemical product.
MSDS Headings
Product Information
Hazardous Ingredients
Physical Data
Fire or Explosion Hazard Data
Reactivity Data
Toxicological Properties: health
effects
Preventive Measures
First Aid Measures
Preparation Information
Section 1-2 :
Properties of Matter
Matter is anything that has
mass and volume.
Mass is the amount of matter
in a substance or object.
Volume is the amount of
space a substance or object
occupies.
Matter Mind Map!
Matter is made up of
elements.
Elements are substances
that contain one type of
matter and cannot be
broken down or separated
into simpler substances,
Oxygen, Lead, Helium …
 Describing Matter
page 18

1. Physical Properties
Characteristi Can be
cs of matter either
qualitative
that are
(observed) or
often quantitative
observed or (measured).
measured.
•Color
•State (s,l,g)
•Texture
•Density
•Magnetism
•Lustre (shine)
•Malleability
•Electrical
Conductivity
2. Chemical Properties
Observed Determines
when a substances
substance usefulness.
s react
with each
other.
 •Reactivity
•Combustibi
lity
•Toxicity

VORTEX ACTIVITY
Core Lab Activity 1-2C
pg. 20
Physical and Chemical Properties
Check Your Understanding
page 23

Complete the Following

Questions:

Checking Concepts #1,4,5,6

Understanding Key Ideas # 8 - 13

Section 1-3 : Atomic
Theory

The descriptions of matter

and how it behaves.
Has undergone many
modifications as new facts
became available.
 Theory vs. Law
THEORY LAW
explanations of Descriptions of events
events supported that have been
by reliable observed over and over
again
evidence
Laws of magnetism
Atomic theory
“likes repel”
Subject to change High degree of
as new evidence confidence, rarely
becomes available change
Early ideas...
Empedocles: matter
was composed of four
“elements”; earth, air,
water, and fire.
Democritus:
eventually a substance
will be cut into a piece
that can no longer be
cut. He called this
piece atomos.
Aristotle: very influential
theorist of his time
agreed with Empedocles
and the theory remained
on changed
for nearly 2000 years!
 Development of Atomic
Theory
John Dalton
He suggested that the
particles that make up
matter are like small, hard
spheres that are different
for different elements.
He defined an atom as the
smallest particle of an
element.
 Dalton’s Model...
Billiard Ball Model
J.J. Thomson
He suggested that all
atoms
must contain electrons
(negative charge).
His model pictured a
positively charged ball
with the negatively
charged electrons
embedded in it.
Thomson’s Model...
Raisin Bun Model
Ernest Rutherford
He discovered that atoms
have a nucleus.
There are two kinds of
particles in the nucleus;
protons (positive charge)
and neutrons (neutral).
Rutherford’s Model…
Planetary Model
Niels Bohr
He proposed that electrons
surround the nucleus in
specific energy levels or
shells.
Each electron has a
particular amount of
energy.
Bohr’s Model…
Orbital Model
•Rutherford was able to
develop Thomson’s model
due to the development of
new technologies. (gold foil
experiment)
•The development of
cyclotrons and proton
accelerators have further
developed the model
accepted today.
 Inside the
Atom
Subatom Char Mas Location
ic ge s
Particle
Proton (p+) + Large Nucleus
Neutron (n) 0 Large Nucleus
Electron (e-) - very Energy levels
small outside
The
Atom