Contents

1. Introduction of GIS
2. Definition of GIS
3. Safety of GIS
4. Gas Insulated Substations
Requirement
5. Site selection of GIS
6. Internal equipments of GIS
7. Properties of SF6
8. Advantages of GIS
9. Disadvantages of GIS
10. Application of GIS
11. Future trends of GIS
12. Conclusion
Introduction of GIS
 GIS was first developed in various countries between 1968
to 1972.
 After about 5 years of experience, the use rate increased
to about 20% of new substation in countries where space
is limited.
 It is Conventional substations requires, small installation
size, protection against atmospheric pollution and
moisture, noiseless operation, nonexclusive and flame
resistant, reduced maintenance, minimum radio
interference, but totally enclosed substations using SF6
gas as insulation that are also known as GIS. That is now
in widespread use in the electrical power industry .

 Preferred for voltage ratings of 66kV,132kV,220kV and

400 kV and above.
Gas Insulated Substations
(G.I.S)
 Definition :
 A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a substation that uses a superior dielectric
gas, sulpur hexafluoride (SF6),for high-voltage.

 The basic principle of gas-insulated equipment :

 It is the high-voltage current- carrying parts are within a metal enclosure and
are held in a concentric configuration by cast epoxy spacer insulators.

 The space between the conductor and the enclosure is filled with sulpur
hexafluoride gas under moderate pressure.
Gas Insulated Substations
Safety :
 The live parts is supported on at resin insulators. Some
of the insulators are designed as barriers between
neighboring modules such that the gas does not pass
through them.

 The GIS has gas-monitoring system. The gas density

in each compartment is monitored.

 If pressure drops slightly, the gas is automatically

tapped up with further gas leakage, the low-pressure
alarm is sounded or automatic tripping or lock-out
occurs.
Gas Insulated Substations
Requirement;
The following requirement are important to satisfy, the
requirement of GIS can be summarized as :

1. Conductors which conduct the main circuit current and

transfer power these are of copper or aluminum tubes.

2. Conductors need insulation above grounded enclosures,

conductors also need phase to phase insulation.

3. Gas filled modules have nonmagnetic enclosures,

enclosures are of aluminum alloy or stainless steel,
adjacent modules are joined by means of multi-bolts
tightened on flanges.

4. Various circuit components in main circuit are: CB,

Isolator, Earthing switches for conductors, CTs, VTs,
cable-ends, Bushing-ends and Bus-Bars, each of these
main components has its own gas -filled metal enclosed
module.
Gas Insulated Substations
Requirement
5. Gas filling, monitoring system.

6. Auxiliary low voltage DC and low voltage AC supply

system, for control, protection and Monitoring systems.

7. The bus-bars are conducting bars to which various

incoming and outgoing bars are connected. The bars are
connected to bus-bars cross- wise, bus-bars are either
with a three-phase enclosure or single phase enclosure.
Site selection of GIS
i. Non availability of sufficient space.

ii. Difficult climatic and seismic conditions at site.

iii. Urban site.

iv. Increasing in length of feeders.

v. Improvement of the quality of voltage regulation due to

increasing length feeder.

vi. The total space required for GIS is 10% of the other
conventional substation.

vii. GIS technology can be used for installation in areas

where the real estates is appreciable.
Internal equipment of GIS
i. SF6 gas as an insulator.

ii. Circuit breakers.

iii. Disconnector (Isolator).

iv. Ground switches.

v. Bus-bur.

vi. Current transformer.

vii. Voltage or potential transformer.

viii. Cable terminations.

ix. Lightning/surge arrester.

x. Control plane.
Properties of SF6
i. SF6 gas is the superior dielectric medium.

ii. SF6 has been used as an insulating medium in

electronic devices, power apparatus, and HVDC
converter stations.

iii. Its excellent properties make it ideally suited both as

an insulating and as an arc-quenching agent.

iv. Lifetime-Very long (800 to 3200 years )

v. Insulating 3-time that of air.

vi. SF6 gas is colorless, odorless, chemically inert,

nontoxic, nonflammable, non-corrosive, heavier than
air.

vii. Its dielectric strength is greatly superior to that of air.

viii. It is 5-time denser than air.

 Advantages of GIS
i. Occupies very less space(1/10th) compared to other substations.

ii. Most reliable compared to air insulated substations.

iii. From 30 kV to 500 kV they might result cheaper than other

conventional units.

iv. Maintenances free due to expedient design and protraction against

external element.

v. Can be assembled at workshop and modules can be commissioned in

the plant easily.

vi. The safety is increased: As the enclosures are at earth potential

there is no possibility of accidental contact by service personnel to live
parts.

vii. They should not generate radio-electric disturbances.

viii. They are noiseless.

Drawbacks of GIS
 High cost compared to air insulated substation.

 Excessive damage in case of internal fault.

 Diagnosis of internal fault and rectifying takes very

long time.

 SF6 gas pressure must be monitored in each

compartment.

 Reduction in the pressure of the SF6 gas in any module

results in flash over and faults.

 SF6 causes Ozone depletion and global warming.

 Such substations are generally indoor, so they need a

separate building. This is generally not required for
conventional outdoor substations.
Applications of GIS
 High voltage installations.
The higher voltage, the more favorable gas insulated technology becomes. The
footprint of 765kV conventional substation is enormous and GIS
technology allows a significant size reduction.

 Urban Installations
GIS technology can be use for installations in areas where the cost of real estate
appeal is significant consideration.

 Indoor installation.
Air insulated substation indoors in Building is usually impractical but gas can
be easily go inside the building.

 Environmentally sensitive installation .

GIS technology is popular in desert and arctic areas because it can be enclosed
in a building with Environmental control.
Future trends of GIS
i. Compact design of switch gear by using three phase modules.

ii. Use vacuum circuit breaker in medium high voltage GIS .

iii. Optimization GIS design to allow easier maintenance.

iv. Replacement of existing air insulated substation by GIS will accelerate

specially near Urban centers.
Conclusion
i. GIS – Necessary for extra HV and Ultra HV.

ii. More conservative design.

iii. Decomposition product management techniques.

iv. Achieving & maintaining high levels of availability require- more

integrated approach to quality control by both users and manufactures.
Thank you