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Theorem 1: Let 𝑐, 𝑘 ∈ ℝ, 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ and let 𝑓 and 𝑔
be functions defined on some open interval
containing 𝑐, expect possibly at 𝑐.
1. lim 𝑘 = 𝑘
𝑥→𝑐
2. lim 𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑥→𝑐
3.lim 𝑘𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘 ∙ lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
4. lim 𝑓 𝑥 ± 𝑔(𝑥) = lim 𝑓 𝑥 ± lim 𝑔 𝑥
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
5.lim 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥) ∙ lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

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 𝑓(𝑥) lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐
6.lim = ,𝑔 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥→𝑐 𝑔(𝑥) lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐
𝑛
7. lim 𝑓 𝑥 = [lim 𝑓(𝑥)] 𝑛
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
𝑛 𝑛
8. lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

If 𝑛 is even then, lim 𝑓 𝑥 > 0

𝑥→𝑐

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Theorem 2: Let 𝑓 be a polynomial of the form

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0

If 𝑐 ∈ ℝ, then

𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒄).
𝒙→𝒄

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Theorem 3: Let ℎ be a rational function of the
𝑓 𝑥
form ℎ 𝑥 = where 𝑓 and 𝑔 polynomial
𝑔(𝑥)
functions. If 𝑐 ∈ ℝ and 𝑔 𝑐 ≠ 0, then

𝒇 𝒙 𝒇 𝒄
𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦 = .
𝒙→𝒄 𝒙→𝒄 𝒈 𝒙 𝒈(𝒄)

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 LIMITS OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
1. lim (2𝑥 + 1)
𝑥→1
3 2
2. lim (2𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 1)
𝑥→−1
4
3. lim (3𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 1)
𝑥→0
𝑥
4. lim
𝑥→2 𝑥+1

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 5. lim (2𝑥 3 + 1) 6. lim 𝑥
𝑥→1
𝑥→1
Remark: The Greatest Integer Function is denoted by
𝑦 = [𝑥].

∀ ℝ, 𝑥, the greatest integer function returns the larger

integer less than or equal to 𝑥. In essence, it rounds
down a real number to the nearest integer.

𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟓 = 𝟑. 𝟕 = 𝟒. 𝟑 =

−𝟐 = −𝟏. 𝟔 = −𝟓. 𝟓 =

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 1−5𝑥
7. lim
𝑥→1 1+3𝑥 2 +4𝑥 4

8.lim 𝑥
𝑥→1
3
9. lim 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 6
𝑥→−2
2𝑥+5
10.lim
𝑥→2 1−3𝑥

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Problem Set 3 (December 5, 2019)
1. lim (1 + 3 𝑤)(2 − 𝑤 2 + 3𝑤3 )
𝑤→2
𝑡2 − 1 𝑥 3 −7𝑥 2 +14𝑥−8
2. lim 2 6. lim
𝑡→−2 𝑡 + 3𝑡 − 1 𝑥→−1 2𝑥 2 −3𝑥−4
2 3
2𝑧 + 𝑧
3. lim
𝑧→2 𝑧 2 + 4 𝑥2 + 3 − 2
7. lim
𝑥2 −𝑥−2 𝑥→−1 𝑥2 + 1
4. lim 3
𝑥→0 𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 1
4 − 3𝑦 2 − 𝑦 3
5. lim
𝑦→−2 6 − 𝑦 − 𝑦 2

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